The prevalence of Gasterophilus intestinalis (Diptera: Oestridae) in donkeys (Equus asinus) in Egypt with special reference to larvicidal effects of neem seed oil extract (Azadirachta indica) on third stage larvae

Abstract

Gasterophiline larvae are of veterinary and medical importance caused specific equine intestinal myiasis. Gasterophilus intestinalis (Botfly larvae) had a wide geographical distribution. The present study explores the prevalence rate of G. intestinalis 3rd stage larvae in Egypt from January- December 2017; besides, in vitro trials to control of this larvae and evaluation of this trial using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and histopathology of treated larvae. In the present study, the 3rd larval stage of G. intestinalis was found in clusters in the epithelium of the investigated stomach and infested with prevalence rate 97.2%. The highest collected numbers of larvae were found in two months; March and August (570 & 520 larvae) and lowest numbers (200 larvae) were collected in October, November, and December. The calculated LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of neem seed extract were 707.9 ppm and 1090.7 ppm. The different alteration was recorded after exposure to oil extract which showed some destruction on cuticle surface as folded and corrugated cuticle, destruction of maxillae with pits on its surface, disfigure and irregularity of cephalic spines. Histopathology of exposed G. intestinalis larvae showed different changes as thinning of cuticle at the different level (exocuticle, endocuticle, cell layers), degeneration of epithelial cells of the gut and different degree of necrosis was described. Life cycle of G.intestinalis was followed up after treatment with neem seed extract.

Keywords: Donkeys, Egypt, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Larvicide, Neem seed extract.