Nutritional value of raw soybeans, extruded soybeans, roasted soybeans and tallow as fat sources in early lactating dairy cows

Abstract

Thirty multiparous Holstein cows (29.8 ± 4.01days in milk; 671.6 ± 31.47 kg of body weight) were used in a completely randomized design to compare nutritional value of four fat sources including tallow, raw  soybeans, extruded soybeans and roasted soybeans for 8 weeks. Experimental diets were a control  containing 27.4 % alfalfa silage, 22.5% corn silage, and 50.1% concentrate, and four diets with either  tallow, raw soybean, extruded soybean, or roasted soybean added to provide 1.93% supplemental fat.  Dry matter and NEL intakes were similar among treatments, while cows fed fat diets had significantly  (P<0.05) high NEL intakes when compared to control with no fat. Supplemental fat, whether tallow or full  fat soybeans increased milk production (1.89-2.45 kg/d; P<0.01) and FCM production (1.05-2.79;  P<0.01). Milk fat yield and percentage of cows fed fat-supplemented diets were significantly (P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively) higher than control. Between fat-supplemented diets, roasted soybean caused  highest milk fat yield and extruded soybean caused lowest milk fat yield. There was no significant effect of supplemental fat on the milk protein and lactose content and yield. Feed efficiency of fat-supplemented  diets was significantly (P<0.01) higher than control. Body weight, body weight change and BCS (body  condition score) of cows, as well as energy balance and energy efficiency were similar between  treatments. In conclusion, while there was no significant effect of fat sources on production response of cows, fat originating from heat-treated soybean help to minimize imported RUP (rumen undegradable protein) sources level as fish meal in comparison with tallow and raw soybean oil. In the Current study, there was no statistical significance among nutritional values of oil from extruded soybeans and roasted soybeans.

Key words: Dairy cows, Fat supplements, Oilseeds, Whole soybean.