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Impacts des éclairages urbains sur les pétrels de Barau, Pterodroma baraui sur l'Ile de la Réunion et mesures pour réduire ces impacts
Abstract
L'île de la Réunion (55'30°E; 21'00°S) héberge deux espèces de pétrels endémiques, dont le pétrel de Barau, Pterodroma baraui. Cette espèce, classée «En danger» (IUCN 2000) est soumise à plusieurs menaces importantes: prédation par les mammifères introduits, braconnage et échouage. La mortalité des pétrels liée aux éclairages urbains est un phénomène récent lié à l'urbanisation de l'île. Les jeunes oiseaux, à leur envol, sont attirés par les éclairages et tombent au sol où ils risquent de mourir. Des campagnes de sauvetage sont organisées avec une mobilisation des habitants de l'île. Ainsi, 3 762 Pétrels de Barau ont été recueillis entre 1995 et 2004. Les principaux lieux d'échouage sont identifiés. Les types de structures les plus attractives sont, le réseau routier éclairé (37.8%), et les complexes sportifs (24.4%) (n = 1 652). Des expérimentations chez le Puffinus lherminieri bailloni montrent que les couleurs les moins attractives sont le rouge et le jaune, et, à l'opposé, le vert et le bleu. L'ensemble de ces résultats permet de proposer des mesures sur les éclairages urbains de manière à réduire leur impact sur les jeunes pétrels (volume d'éclairage, direction et concentration de l'éclairage, couleur des éclairages, interruptions temporaires…) dans les projets futurs d'aménagement.
The island of Réunion (55'30E; 21'00S) has two endemic petrels, one of which is Barau's Petrel (Pterodroma baraui), classified as ‘Endangered' (IUCN 2000). This species is under threat from several sources: predation by introduced mammals, poaching, and strandings. Petrel deaths resulting from city lights is a recent phenomenon related to urbanisation of the island. Young birds on fledging are attracted by the lights, and fall to the ground where they risk being killed. Rescue operations have mobilised the local population, and between 1995 and 2004, 3 762 Barau's Petrels were retrieved. The main stranding sites were identified. The most attractive structures were the illuminated road network (37.8%) and sports complexes (24.4%) (n = 1 652). Experiments on Puffinus lherminieri bailloni showed that the least attractive lighting colours are red and yellow, the most attractive green and blue. These findings enable us to propose measures to ameliorate the impact of city lights on the young petrels, by adjusting the amount of lighting, its direction and intensity, the colours of the lights, and temporary black-outs at critical times.
Ostrich 2007, 78(2): 449–452
The island of Réunion (55'30E; 21'00S) has two endemic petrels, one of which is Barau's Petrel (Pterodroma baraui), classified as ‘Endangered' (IUCN 2000). This species is under threat from several sources: predation by introduced mammals, poaching, and strandings. Petrel deaths resulting from city lights is a recent phenomenon related to urbanisation of the island. Young birds on fledging are attracted by the lights, and fall to the ground where they risk being killed. Rescue operations have mobilised the local population, and between 1995 and 2004, 3 762 Barau's Petrels were retrieved. The main stranding sites were identified. The most attractive structures were the illuminated road network (37.8%) and sports complexes (24.4%) (n = 1 652). Experiments on Puffinus lherminieri bailloni showed that the least attractive lighting colours are red and yellow, the most attractive green and blue. These findings enable us to propose measures to ameliorate the impact of city lights on the young petrels, by adjusting the amount of lighting, its direction and intensity, the colours of the lights, and temporary black-outs at critical times.
Ostrich 2007, 78(2): 449–452