Bilingualism and identity in Etulo

Abstract

Identity is often reflected in a group’s language use and Edward (2004) rightly posits that if a group becomes deeply involved in using the language of another group, there is usually a resultant deep impact on the identity of the group. The main thrust of this study is to explore how bilingualism affects the Etulo identity especially as they are subsumed within a Tiv dominated Local Government Area. The study reveals that bilingualism in Etulo is both  subtractive and simultaneous. Using the ethnic identity measure questionnaire and questions relating to language proficiency, it also discovers that being bilingual affects the identity of Etulo speakers in their ethnic behaviours and practices, ethnic identity achievement as well as in their group affirmation and belonging .The Etulos experience identity conflict as well as dual identity.