Retrospective Study on the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Rabies in Animals in Plateau State, 2019 – 2023

Abstract

Rabies is a highly fatal zoonotic disease of great public health importance primarily affecting humans and animals. Despite global efforts  to control the disease, rabies remains a significant public health issue, particularly in developing countries where it causes substantial  mortality. This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution of rabies in animals in Plateau State, Nigeria, from 2019 to 2023. Data  were retrospectively sourced from the Rabies Laboratory at the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom. A total of 668 samples  were submitted during the study period, with 402 (60.17%) testing positive for rabies. The majority of cases (99.25%) were  reported in dogs. Analysis revealed a high prevalence of rabies across the state, with notable peaks in cases during specific months and  across various Local Government Areas (LGAs). The findings highlight the endemic nature of rabies in Plateau State and underscore the  need for enhanced rabies prevention and control measures, including public awareness campaigns, mass vaccination, and strict  enforcement of dog ownership regulations. This study emphasizes the importance of accurate data collection and reporting in the fight  against rabies and supports ongoing efforts to eradicate the disease by 2030.