Prevalence and predictors of chronic kidney disease among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Calabar, South-South Nigeria: A hospital-based crosssectional stud

Abstract

Background: The burden of diabetes mellitus (DM), as well as that of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing globally. Currently, diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of CKD worldwide, and Africa including Nigeria is not spared from this scourge.
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the proportion of type 2 DM patients with CKD and the associated risk factors for developing CKD.
Methods: This was a cross – sectional study consisting of 105 type 2 DM patients recruited in the endocrinology clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital from April to July, 2019. Clinical and anthropometric data were collected. Relevant investigations were performed, including serum creatinine and other relevant blood investigations. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60ml/min/1.73m². Data was analysed using SPSS version 18.0
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 60.63±10.16 years. The overall prevalence of CKD was 34.3%. However, of the 36 patients with CKD, 63.9% and 36.1% were in patients with DM alone and concurrent DM with hypertension respectively. Older age, presence of obesity and longer duration of DM predicted CKD in DM patients.
Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is high and comparable to previous studies from Africa. Older age, presence of obesity and longer duration of DM were significantly associated with CKD.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, cross-sectional study, predictors, Type 2 diabetes mellitus