Qualitative studies and anti-hypertensive investigations of extracts of Sclerotium from Pleurotus tuber-regium

Abstract

Introduction and Background of Study: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for one third of global deaths and is a leading and increasing contributor to the disease burden. One of the highly prevalent risk factor for CVD throughout the world is hypertension and is one of the leading causes of stroke, and mortality among the populace. It is becoming an increasingly common health problem
worldwide because of increasing longevity and prevalence of contributing factors such as obesity, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet.
Objective: The aim of study is to evaluate the phytochemical constituents of sclerotium from pluerotus tuber regium by Chemical test, Chromatographic and Spectroscopic techniques as well as to evaluate its anti-hypertensive activities.
Method: Phytochemical Test was carried out on the N-hexane and 50 % EtOH extracts of sclerotium as a preliminary tool to ascertain the secondary metabolites present in sclerotium. N-hexane extract was subjected to chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques for isolation and characterization of metabolites. Sodium Chloride and Cadmium chloride induced hypertensive invivo animal methods were used to verify the antihypertensive activities of N-Hexane and 50 % EtOH extracts.
Result: Phytochemical analysis results showed the presence of secondary metabolites; alkaloids, steroids, cardenolides, alkaloids and steroidal nucleus in the N-hexane and 50 % ethanolic extracts. GC-MS results showed the presence of nine compounds;
Squalene, Dibutyl phthalate, Octadecane, Heneicosane , 9 , 17 octacadienal , cyclopropaneoctanal, 2-octyl, carbonic acid, Bis (2-
ethylhexyl)phthalate and Nonacosane. The antihypertensive results revealed a significant reduction (p<0.05) in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) for N-hexane extract at 3000 ug/kg for both NaCl and CdCl hypertensive induced conditions. 50 % ethanolic extract gave no significant reduction in MABP at the four doses administered in NaCl induced condition but only caused an increase in
MABP at 10, 000ug/kg in CdCl hypertensive induced conditions.
Conclusion: Sclerotium is been reported in this study for the first time to possess secondary metabolites; alkaloids, cardenolides and steroidal nucleus were confirmed present in the N-hexane and 50 % ethanolic extracts. GC-MS results showed the presence of nine
compounds. The anti-hypertensive results revealed a significant reduction (p<0.05) in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) for N-hexane extract at 3000 ug/kg for both NaCl and CdCl hypertensive induced conditions. Fifty percent (50 %) Ethanolic extract showed no significant reduction in MABP at the four doses administered in NaCl induced model but only caused an increase in MABP at 10, 000ug/kg in CdCl hypertensive induced conditions.

Keywords: Fungi, GC-MS, Anti-hypertension, Toxicological, Sclerotium and Pleurotus tuber-regium