Assessment of the Quality of Packaged Water on Sale in Onitsha Metropolis

Abstract

Background: In recent years, sale of packaged water has been on the increase in most urban cities in Nigeria. In order to safe guard public health, it is essential that the available packaged water is of the highest quality.

Objective: To assess the physical, chemical and bacteriological quality of packaged water on sale in Onitsha metropolis

Methodology: Two samples each of 60 brands of packaged water were randomly obtained from six different commercial locations within two LGAs in Onitsha metropolis. The samples were analysed for colour, odour, turbidity, pH, fluoride and coliform count. Membrane filtration technique was used for coliform count.

Results: Forty five (75%) of samples were of high aesthetic value. All samples recorded fluoride levels within recommended WHO range of 0.5- 1.5 mg/dl. . Majority (70% ) of all samples of water were found to have coliform count of 10 or more per 100ml. 34% of samples were faecally contaminated with Klebsiella and E.coli being the major organisms.. Packaged water that was registered by NAFDAC had a higher bacteriological quality compared to unregistered ones.( Odds'ratio 6.05 CI : 1.37-36.4, p< 0.01.)

Conclusion: Majority of the packaged water on sale in Onitsha metropolis were bacteriologically unsafe though most were of acceptable physical quality. There is a need for continuous monitoring of packaged water products by NAFDAC which should ensure strict enforcement of regulations to promote availability of potable packaged water.


Keywords: Assessment, Quality, Packaged Water

NQJHM Vol. 16 (2) 2006: pp. 56-59