Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Co-existing with Schistosoma Haematobium, A Causal Relationship or an Association? A Case Report and Review of Literature

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases caused by parasite trematode, the disease is prevalent in tropical and sub- tropical areas, second only to malaria. The association between Schistosomiasis and colorectal cancer remains elusive, however, multiple  genetic and environmental factors have been implicated. A 40-year-old male presented with 2-months history of abdominal pain, constipation and rectal bleeding. Rectal examination revealed a mass above the pectinate line. Incisional tissue biopsy confirmed rectal  adenocarcinoma with Schistosoma haematobium ova. The patient had anterior resection for recto-sigmoid colon cancer with final  diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, pT3NxMx and had 6 cycles of FOLFOX chemotherapy and praziquantel. We present a rare association of  CRC with Schistosoma haematobium in order to re-emphases for a possible causal relationship and the need for further molecular  studies to confirm. The emerging molecular association of the disease with malignancy if found may underscore the urgency to find a  novel way of mitigating Schistosomiasis.