Toxoplasmosis: a review

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii which is estimated to infect about a third of the human population. Infections have also been documented in more than 350 species of birds and mammals. Cats are the only definitive hosts. Infection is mostly a symptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, but fatal sequelae including ocular and cerebral complications are common in immunocompromised patients. Intrauterine infections are also known to be associated with hydrocephalus, microcephalus, seizure disorders and mental retardation. It is also known to be unusually associated with neuropsychiatric illnesses, suicide attempts, road traffic accidents and Parkinson's disease. Diagnosis is mainly by serologic methods. There is currently, no vaccine to prevent infection in human. Control relies mainly on health education and hygiene.

Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Toxoplasmosis, Tachyzoites, Bradyzoites