Demographic and clinical profile of haemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease in a northern Nigerian hospital: A retrospective analysis of patterns and outcomes

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge with increasing prevalence and
substantial impacts on healthcare systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Limited access to
resources for managing CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in these regions exacerbates mortality and
morbidity, highlighting the need for effective and accessible healthcare strategies. This study examines CKD
prevalence, management practices, and outcomes across various populations, with a focus on the challenges faced
in sub-Saharan Africa.
Methodology: This study utilized a retrospective, observational design to examine patient records from the
haemodialysis unit at Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial General Hospital, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The research focused on
the sociodemographic, clinical, and dialysis-related characteristics of patients who underwent haemodialysis
between January 2019 and October 2024.
Results: CKD prevalence has significantly increased worldwide, with ESRD incidence notably in our centre.
Access to dialysis varied greatly, with low-resource settings struggling to meet demand, contributing to poorer
outcomes. In Africa, studies show that less than 10% of patients who needed dialysis accessed it. Additionally,
CKD patients in lower-income regions often present with advanced diseases due to inadequate screening and
preventive care. High mortality rates were linked to limited access to early treatment and a lack of government
support for subsidizing renal care.
Conclusion: There was a pressing need to improve CKD prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment in resource
limited settings to reduce the burden of ESRD. Increased government investment, enhanced screening programs,
and sustainable funding models for dialysis were essential to mitigate the impact of CKD.