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Prevalence and determinants of diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional analysis


Anas Ali Alhur
Afrah Alhur
Bothinah Abu Alhasan
Shahad Alshahrani
Haneen Almalki
Nouf Alzahrani
Waad Alwagdani
Renad Althobaiti
Renad Alwadei
Shaimaa Alblwi
Shmookh Alosaimi
Raneem Altwirqi
Maha AlThawwab
Haya Alotaibi
Lama Meerkhan

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a major public health challenge in Saudi Arabia, with rising prevalence and significant
associated complications. The increasing burden of diabetes in the region necessitates a comprehensive
understanding of its prevalence, determinants, and the effectiveness of public health strategies. This study aimed to
assess the prevalence and determinants of diabetes using online assessment tools.
Methodology: A cross-sectional design was employed, utilizing online surveys to collect data from adults across
various regions of Saudi Arabia. The survey included questions on demographics, diabetes status, lifestyle habits,
and self-reported health outcomes. Data analysis involved logistic regression to identify risk factors and chi-square
tests to explore associations between diabetes knowledge and management practices.
Results: The study found a diabetes prevalence of 27% among participants, with a higher prevalence in females
(26%) compared to males (20%). Young adults (ages 18-35) showed a prevalence rate of 19%. Significant
associations were observed between diabetes and lifestyle factors; smokers had a 30% higher likelihood of diabetes
than non-smokers. Only 40% of respondents demonstrated adequate knowledge regarding diabetes management,
which correlated negatively with effective disease control (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study highlights the high prevalence of diabetes in Saudi Arabia, particularly among females and
young adults. The regression analysis revealed significant predictors of diabetes diagnosis, including awareness of
risk factors, physical activity levels, gender, and education level. The findings highlight the need for targeted
educational and public health strategies to enhance diabetes awareness and promote healthier lifestyles. Further
research is needed to evaluate the impact of these strategies on diabetes outcomes.


Journal Identifiers


eISSN: 2229-774X
print ISSN: 0300-1652