Utilization and findings of flexible naso-pharyngo-laryngoscopy in upper airway disorders: A clinic audit

Abstract

Background: Flexible naso-pharyngo-laryngoscopy (NPL) has become an essential clinical tool for evaluating
patients with upper airway disorders in otorhinolaryngology. It has been established to be a simple, cost-effective,
and minimally invasive technique with good diagnostic yields. This study aimed to audit the procedure of flexible
NPL done in our clinic for over 2 years and analyzes the technique, indications, and findings of the procedure.
Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study among all the patients who presented to our ENT clinic in
ABUTH Zaria, from July 2021 to June 2023 with upper airway symptoms or neck swelling who had flexible NPL
done in the clinic. The records of these patients were reviewed, and information extracted including age, sex, use of
anaesthesia, indications and findings of the procedure were entered in SPSS and analysed.
Results: Flexible NPL was done in 266 patients aged 4 months to 85 years. Only 3% of the patients required local
anaesthesia. The commonest indications were for preoperative evaluation of goitre (26.7%), suspected adenoid
hypertrophy (18.4%), complaints of hoarseness (18.8%), and foreign body sensation (12%). The commonest
diagnoses made were adenoid hypertrophy (19.9%), laryngeal tumour (5.3%), nasopharyngeal tumour (4.9%),
vocal cord palsy (4.9%), rhinitis (4.5%) and pharyngitis (4.1%), laryngitis (3.0%), laryngopharyngeal reflux
disease (3.0%) and vocal cord nodule (2.3%).
Conclusions: Office flexible NPL was done commonly for preoperative evaluation of goitre, suspected adenoid
hypertrophy, hoarseness, and foreign body sensation. The commonest pathologies were adenoid hypertrophy,
laryngeal tumour, nasopharyngeal tumour, vocal cord palsy, rhinitis, pharyngitis, and laryngitis.