Socio-demographic and nutritional factors associated with obesity amongst adults from high burden kidney diseases areas of Jigawa State, Nigeria: A community-based survey

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a preventable public health problem associated with a significantly increased risk of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to find the socio-demographic and nutritional factors associated with obesity
amongst adults from high-burden kidney disease areas of Jigawa State, Nigeria.
Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the socio-demographic and nutritional factors associated with
obesity among 361 adults from four local government areas (LGAs) of Jigawa state identified to have a high burden of kidney
diseases. The Modified WHO STEPS questionnaire and multi-stage sampling technique were employed, and data were
analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22.0.
Results: The minimum age of the respondents was 18, and the maximum was 102 with a median of 45 (interquartile range =
30–80) years. The prevalence of obesity and overweight in the high-burden LGAs of Jigawa state was 33.0% and 27.1%
respectively. Hadejia LGA had the highest (68.1%) prevalence of obesity. The prevalence of overweight was higher in Jahun
LGA (38.9%). About one-third (38.2%) had a waist circumference (WC) greater than 88cm. Up to half of the female
respondents had a waist-hip ratio (WHR) greater than 0.85. For male respondents, many (74.3%) had a WHR of greater than
0.9, and obesity was significantly higher (39.8%, P s< 0.001) among those ≥40 years of age. Obesity was significantly higher
(39.8%,P < 0.001) among those ≥40 years of age, known diabetic, (57.1%, P=0.02), and rare consumption of vegetables,
(45.8%, P<0.001).The odds of developing obesity were significantly higher among those who were known diabetics and were
3 times more likely to be obese than those who were not known to be diabetics (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.1, 95% CI =
[1.1–8.9].
Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity was high in the areas with high burdens of kidney disease. The government and
relevant stakeholders should develop a cost-effective prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment model.