Hemolytic uremic syndrome: A covid-19 vaccine reaction case report.

Abstract

 The World Health Organization declared the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) a public health
emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020, and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Vaccines have proven to be
vital in the effort to control and possibly eventually eradicate this viral infection. There have been reports of
thromboembolic events associated with the use of vaccine but from available information, no reported case of atypical
Hemolytic Uremic syndrome (HUS) in a black male has been described. We report a case of a 43-year-old black male
Sub-Saharan African c5dwho presented with chills, fever, and generalized body aches of 3 days duration after receiving
the second booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. He developed thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anaemia, and acute
kidney injury on admission, and an initial diagnosis of malaria was made. He was managed with parenteral artesunate
and then oral artemether/lumefantrine. His hemolytic anaemia was thought to be from malaria-associated hemolysis.
This diagnosis was however later re-evaluated to hemolytic uremic syndrome and managed with 50mg daily oral
prednisolone which resolved, and he resumed work a week later. Although mass vaccination is a key strategy to control
the spread of COVID-19, critical observations should be made to confirm the risk of trigger for abnormal complement
activation. Further observations should be made especially if it is a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine.