Cervical cancer screening knowledge, uptake and barriers among female undergraduates in a Nigerian University.

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is a highly preventable disease that disproportionally affects women in developing countries, with an estimated incidence rate of 33 cases per 100,000 women in Nigeria. Over the years, awareness and uptake of cervical cancer screening services have remained poor in developing countries. Lack of knowledge and poor attitude towards the disease and its risk factors can affect screening practice and the development of preventive behaviour for cervical cancer. This study assessed the level of knowledge and barriers toward cervical cancer screening among female undergraduate students.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 234 female students was conducted at Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria, from March 1st to July 30th 2017. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and screening history of cervical cancer, including barriers to screening. We graded knowledge scores into good (≥ 50%) and poor (< 50%). We analysed data with Epi info version 7.1.4.

Results: Participants’ median age was 21.0 years. The median age of sexual debut was 13.0 years. Overall, 130 (77.4%) respondents had poor knowledge of cervical cancer. Major sources of information were health workers 54(32.1%), friends 22 (13.1%) and Television10 (6.0%). One hundred and sixty-eight (72.1%) were aware of cervical cancer, but only 10(16.1%) had Pap smear tests. Common barriers to cervical cancer screening include not knowing the centres where such services are obtainable 84 (52.9%), unnecessary 29(18.6%), no time 26 (16.7%) and fear of discovering cancer 12 (7.7%).

Conclusion: Comprehensive education and awareness creation on the importance/benefits of cervical cancer screening to university students, including centres where such services are provided, is critical in improving uptake. Thus, leading to early detection and reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancer in Nigeria.