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Oct 3, 2024Keywords:
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Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels and Associated Health Risks in Indoor Atmosphere of Beauty Salons
Abstract
Exposure to high concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCBs) has negative impacts on human wellbeing and the climate. This study determined the concentration, sources and health risks of PCBs in selected beauty shops in Ilorin, Kwara state. Air samples from fourteen beauty salons were taken using Solvent-Impregnated Polyurethane Foam (SIP-PUF) passive samplers for 30 days. The concentration of PCBs was determined with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) operated in a Selected Ionization Mode (SIM). The health risk assessment of the PCBs was estimated using the Toxicity Equivalence Quotient (TEQ), Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR), and Hazard Quotient (HQ) prescribed by United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) method was used in the source apportionment study. The average concentration of the PCBs ranged from 0.11–3.32 µg/m3 . The average TEQs for the PCBs in the beauty salon ambient air ranged between 2.96 × 10−1 - 9.30 × 10−1 ng WHO-TEQ/m3 . ILCRs and HQs estimated for the beauty shops considered were lower than 10-6 and 1 (USEPA set limit) for both adults and children. Eight factors were identified to be associated with the PCB sources; the most predominant sources are combined paint and pigment and mixed sources, which accounted for 20.08 and 28.91% of the total PCBs, respectively.
