Evaluation of Mandibular Condylar Changes in Patients Following Orthognathic Surgery: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: Condylar resorption as a cause of relapse after orthognathic surgery is well known. Several authors have presented evidence of the relation between orthognathic surgery and condylar remodeling and resorption. This study was done to appraise the condylar changes along with the form and function following orthognathic surgery, as well as to assess what factors may have contributed to the problems.

Methodology: A diagnosis of progressive condylar resorption (PCR) was made by comparison of preoperative and postoperative radiographs (cephalometric radiograms), as well as clinical evaluations. The radiographs were taken for each  patient  preoperatively and postoperatively, which include immediately after  osteotomy, at 6 months and 24 months. Additional  radiographs were taken when  required. Then, preoperative and postoperative tracings were compared at 24   months  postoperatively.

Results and Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that females of relative low age (<18 years) appeared to be a high‑risk factor for the occurrence of condylar alteration including PCR. A steep mandibular plane angle, the low facial height ratio (post/ant), and magnitude of surgery were also significantly related to the   occurrence of condylar alteration, but the multivariance regression showed that these parameters had only limited value.

Keywords: Cephalogram, condylar changes, condylar resorption, orthognathic surgery