Patterns, Severity, and Management of Maxillofacial Injuries in a Suburban South Western Nigeria Tertiary Center

Abstract

Background: Trauma remains a leading cause of maxillofacial injury globally. Changing etiological factors and patterns of maxillofacial injury continue to be reported and are largely modulated by socio‑geographic and environmental factors. It is important to have an in‑depth understanding of the pattern and etiology in a particular region before effective preventive measures can be developed.
Aim: The aim was to evaluate the patterns, etiological factors, and management of maxillofacial injuries in Ogun state, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: A prospective descriptive cohort study of all consecutive patients that presented with maxillofacial injuries at our center between January and December 2013. Information about demographic data, types of maxillofacial and associated injury, etiology of injury, treatment received and complications were collected and analyzed.
Results: Seventy patients presented with maxillofacial injury during the study period with a male to female ratio of 4:1. The age range was 9 months to 60 years with a mean of 30.11 ± standard deviation 14.97 years. Majority of the facial fractures were due to motorcycle related crashes. There were 57.1% mandibular fractures and 55.7% middle third fractures. Closed reduction with maxillo‑mandibular fixation was the major method of treatment of facial fractures. Postoperative complications were observed in 11.4% of patients.
Conclusion: Road traffic crashes (RTCs) remain the leading etiological factor of maxillofacial injuries in our center. Enforcement of stricter traffic regulations and possibly replacement of motorcycles with tricycles for commercial transportation may help to reduce the incidence of RTCs.

Keywords: Etiological factors, management, maxillofacial injuries, pattern, road traffic crashes