Calcium Carbonaye Microparticles: Formulation, Preparation, Characterization, Release of Bio-Molecules and Applications

Abstract

Administration of pharmaceuticals involves a variety of different formulations of which colloidal drug carrier systems are currently of interest. This review details the properties of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) microparticles, a promising carrier for bio-molecules as biosensors, drug carriers and for enzyme immobilization. A short introduction of CaCO₃ microparticles precedes appropriate methods of formulation and preparation. Emphasis is laid on characterization of CaCO₃ microparticles and includes determination of particle size, size distribution and morphology using the following methods: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning (atomic) force microscopy (SFM or AFM). Dynamic light scattering method investigates the zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility whereas solid state characterization involves methods such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FT-IR). Encapsulation efficiency of the macromolecules, the in vitro drug release studies that have been carried out so far as well as the parameters affecting them, and the general in vivo fate of administered CaCO3 are also considered.

Keywords: CaCO₃ microparticles; Characterisation, Bio-molecules; Encapsulation efficiency; Enzyme release

Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol. 9 No 2 pp. 55 – 77 (September 2011)