Impact of malaria infection on the haematological profile of pregnant women in south-eastern Nigeria

Abstract

Malaria in pregnancy adversely affects pregnancy outcomes as it increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, stillbirths, premature delivery, and low birth weight. Haematological changes have been suggested as a potential predictor that aid in the diagnosis of malaria infection, therefore, this study was carried out to determine and compare the impact of malaria on the haematological profile of four hundred and sixteen (416) pregnant women attending antenatal care in two major health institutions in Aba metropolis. The blood samples were collected from each of the pregnant women and examined using Giemsa stained thick and thin films for identification of malaria parasite. Complete blood count was also done to determine some of their haematological parameters. Structured questionnaires were administered to the women to obtain information on their age, parity, trimesters, and other socio-demographic data. Out of 416 blood samples examined, an overall malaria prevalence of 193 (46.4%) was obtained in the study area. Women in their early reproductive age, 15-24 years had the highest prevalence rate of 58 (50.3%) while women within the ages 45-54 years had the lowest prevalence 5(41.7%). In relation to their gravidity, malaria prevalence varied significantly among the primigravida with a rate of 102 (61.1%) than the mutigravida 91 (36.5%) (χ2=14.306, P<0.0001). Women in their first trimester showed a significantly higher prevalence rate 98(80.9%) than women who were in their second and third trimesters. The mean values of white blood cell count, red blood cell count, and platelets were statistically lower among the infected pregnant women than in the non-infected control group(P<0.05) except for the WBC which showed no significant difference (P=0.131). It is pertinent that the haematological profile of pregnant women attending antenatal care services is regularly monitored. Malaria prophylactic treatment should be intensified and adhered to reduce the burden of malaria in pregnancy and for better pregnancy outcomes.