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Ophthalmia Neonatorum In Kaduna: A case-control study
Abstract
Objective: To study the clinical pattern of ophthalmia neonatorum with the aim of identifying its risk factors.
Method: A case-control study of ophthalmia neonatorum (ON) was carried out in 5 hospitals in Kaduna metropolis in northern Nigeria. Two hundred cases were matched with two hundred controls. The male to female ratio was 1.1:1. The mean age of the patients was 8.9 days, and the range was from birth to 28 days.
Results: The age at the onset of the symptoms was birth to 27 days with a mean of 3.9 days. Most (74%) of the conjunctivitis cases were mild, while 26% were moderate or severe. Out of the 7 risk factors for ON assessed namely, maternal vaginal discharge during pregnancy, prolonged labour, place of delivery, maternal social status, prolonged rupture of the amniotic membrane, instrumental delivery, and maternal marital status, only 3 – maternal vaginal discharge, prolonged rupture of the amniotic membrane and place of delivery (in hospital) – were found to be statistically significant. The mothers of 63 of the cases had vaginal discharge during pregnancy as against 31 (15.5%) of the mothers in the control group (P < 0.01). Prolonged rupture of the amniotic membrane occurred in 24 (12%) of the cases and in 5 (2.5%) of the control group (P < 0.05). Sixty-nine (34.5%) of the cases were delivered at home while 98 (49%) of the control group were delivered at home (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The risk factors that contributed to the development of the disease were found to be mainly maternal vaginal discharge during pregnancy, place of delivery, and prolonged rupture of the amniotic membrane.
Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Vol. 11(2) 2003:63-69
Method: A case-control study of ophthalmia neonatorum (ON) was carried out in 5 hospitals in Kaduna metropolis in northern Nigeria. Two hundred cases were matched with two hundred controls. The male to female ratio was 1.1:1. The mean age of the patients was 8.9 days, and the range was from birth to 28 days.
Results: The age at the onset of the symptoms was birth to 27 days with a mean of 3.9 days. Most (74%) of the conjunctivitis cases were mild, while 26% were moderate or severe. Out of the 7 risk factors for ON assessed namely, maternal vaginal discharge during pregnancy, prolonged labour, place of delivery, maternal social status, prolonged rupture of the amniotic membrane, instrumental delivery, and maternal marital status, only 3 – maternal vaginal discharge, prolonged rupture of the amniotic membrane and place of delivery (in hospital) – were found to be statistically significant. The mothers of 63 of the cases had vaginal discharge during pregnancy as against 31 (15.5%) of the mothers in the control group (P < 0.01). Prolonged rupture of the amniotic membrane occurred in 24 (12%) of the cases and in 5 (2.5%) of the control group (P < 0.05). Sixty-nine (34.5%) of the cases were delivered at home while 98 (49%) of the control group were delivered at home (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The risk factors that contributed to the development of the disease were found to be mainly maternal vaginal discharge during pregnancy, place of delivery, and prolonged rupture of the amniotic membrane.
Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Vol. 11(2) 2003:63-69
