The Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies among Prospective Blood Donors in Jos

Abstract

Background: Human cytomegalovirus, otherwise called human herpes virus type 5, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy, and among
immunocompromised patients like recipients of organ transplants. Cytomegalovirus is transmissible via blood transfusion, among other parenteral routes. This study therefore aims at establishing the seroprevalence of CMV antibodies among prospective blood donors in Jos. This is with a view to making recommendations on donor screening and transfusion protocols among susceptible patients.
Methods: A total of 200 prospective blood donors were recruited into the study. Screening for CMV antibodies was done using ELISA kit, manufactured by “DIALAB”, Austria (www.dialb.at)
Results: Of the 200 prospective blood donors analysed, 184 donors were found to be positive for cytomegalovirus antibodies, representing a prevalence rate of 92%.The
peak age prevalence was in the 25-29 years age range, representing 30.4%.Cytomegalovirus prevalence was lowest in the 15-19 years age range and above 50
years(1.6% each).
Conclusion: A cytomegalovirus antibody prevalence rate of 92% indicates that screening for CMV should be included in screening algorithm for potentially susceptible recipients of blood and its products. Non infected susceptible persons should be transfused CMV negative
or leucocyte depleted blood and blood products.

Keywords: Prevalence, Cytomegalovirus, Prospective Blood Donors, Jos

Nigerian Journal of Medicine Vol. 17 (2) 2008: pp. 200-202