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Publisher

Medknow Publications

Medknow, part of Wolters Kluwer Health, is one of the largest open access publishers worldwide with more than 450+ medical journals in its portfolio. Students, researchers, clinicians and other healthcare professionals worldwide access Medknow journals to help them fuel new discoveries and improve patient care.

Founded in 1997, Medknow is a well-respected medical publisher that fully supports many of the popular open access models through its peer-review management system. Medknow’s open access policy has resulted in more than a half a million article downloads monthly for all of its journals.

Wolters Kluwer Health (Philadelphia, PA) is a leading global provider of information, business intelligence and point-of-care solutions for the healthcare industry. Serving more than 150 countries and territories worldwide, Wolters Kluwer Health’s customers include professionals, institutions and students in medicine, nursing, allied health and pharmacy. Major brands include Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Ovid®, UpToDate®, Medi-Span®, Facts & Comparisons®, Pharmacy OneSource®, Lexicomp® and ProVation® Medical. Wolters Kluwer Health is part of Wolters Kluwer, a market-leading global information services company with annual revenues (2011) of €3.4 billion ($4.7 billion), approximately 19,000 employees worldwide and operations in over 40 countries across Europe, North America, Asia Pacific, and Latin America.

Medknow Specialties

Online and Print Scholarly Publishing, Peer-Review System, Specialized in Medical Research, Largest Open Access Publisher

Peer Review

PEER-REVIEW EXPLANATION
A manuscript will be reviewed for possible publication with the understanding that it is being submitted to Nigerian Journal of Medicine alone at that point in time and has not been published anywhere, simultaneously submitted, or already accepted for publication elsewhere. The journal expects that authors would authorize one of them to correspond with the Journal for all matters related to the manuscript. All manuscripts received are duly acknowledged. On submission, editors review all submitted manuscripts initially for suitability for formal review. Manuscripts with insufficient originality, serious scientific or technical flaws, or lack of a significant message are rejected before proceeding for formal peer-review. Manuscripts that are unlikely to be of interest to the Nigerian Journal of Medicine readers are also liable to be rejected at this stage itself.

Manuscripts that are found suitable for publication in Nigerian Journal of Medicine are sent to two or more expert reviewers. During submission, the contributor is requested to provide names of two or three qualified reviewers who have had experience in the subject of the submitted manuscript, but this is not mandatory. The reviewers should not be affiliated with the same institutes as the contributor/s. However, the selection of these reviewers is at the sole discretion of the editor. The journal follows a double-blind review process, wherein the reviewers and authors are unaware of each other’s identity. Every manuscript is also assigned to a member of the editorial team, who based on the comments from the reviewers takes a final decision on the manuscript. The comments and suggestions (acceptance/ rejection/ amendments in manuscript) received from reviewers are conveyed to the corresponding author. If required, the author is requested to provide a point by point response to reviewers’ comments and submit a revised version of the manuscript. This process is repeated till reviewers and editors are satisfied with the manuscript.

Manuscripts accepted for publication are copy edited for grammar, punctuation, print style, and format. Page proofs are sent to the corresponding author. The corresponding author is expected to return the corrected proofs within three days. It may not be possible to incorporate corrections received after that period. The whole process of submission of the manuscript to final decision and sending and receiving proofs is completed online. To achieve faster and greater dissemination of knowledge and information, the journal publishes articles online as ‘Ahead of Print’ immediately on acceptance.

REVIEWER’S GUIDELINES
It is expected that these articles would be written by individuals who have done substantial work on the subject or are considered experts in the field. A short summary of the work done by the contributor(s) in the field of review should accompany the manuscript. The prescribed word count is up to 3000 words excluding tables, references and abstract. The manuscript may have about 90 references. The manuscript should have an unstructured Abstract (250 words) representing an accurate summary of the article. The section titles would depend upon the topic reviewed. Authors submitting review article should include a section describing the methods used for locating, selecting, extracting, and synthesizing data. These methods should also be summarized in the abstract. The journal expects the contributors to give post-publication updates on the subject of review. The update should be brief, covering the advances in the field after the publication of the article and should be sent as a letter to editor, as and when major development occurs in the field.

Open Access Policy

This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, CC BY NC SA, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Publication Scheduling

The journal is published every two months. Supplementary issues may be published as the need arises.

General

About the Association

The Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors ( NARD), an affiliate of Nigerian Medical Association is the umbrella body of the largest resident medical association in the west African sub-region with over 16,000 members. Official members of the association include all doctors ( resident doctors, medical officers and house officers) below the rank of consultants or it's equivalent ( principal medical officers) in all health institutions where there is any form residency training in Nigeria and has been registered under the Medical and Dental Practitioner's Act CAP 221 Laws of the Federation Nigeria ( 1990)

Although residency training started in Nigeria in 1966, but the association was formed in 1978. The association aims to promote the interest of and foster closer ties and relationship among members. It also considers and expresses her views on all proposed regulations, policies and legislations affecting the training of medical and dental doctors in Nigeria and other aspects of medical practice.More so, it promotes the improvement of healthcare in Nigeria. It interacts with national and international organisations, agencies and individuals to promote the objectives of the association. The medical residency training in Nigeria is regulated by the Medical Residency Training Act 2017, an act enacted by the National Assembly and signed into law by the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

The population of Nigeria is over 200 million. Policy decisions are made by the association's National Executive Council ( NEC), which is the governing body. The Constitution of NARD is supreme and it's provisions shall have binding force on all authorities, organs, branches and members of the association and, where applicable, on any other persons. The NEC has full powers to take decisions on behalf of the association in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. The website of the association is www.nardnigeria.com.ng

About the Journal

Nigerian Journal of Medicine, a publication of Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors ( NARD), is a peer-reviewed print and online bi-monthly journal. The journal's full text is available online at http://www.njmonline.org. The journal allows free access (Open Access) to its contents and permits authors to self-archive final accepted version of the articles on any OAI-compliant institutional / subject-based repository.

Abstracting and Indexing Information

The journal is registered with the following abstracting partners:

Baidu Scholar, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), EBSCO Publishing's Electronic Databases, Ex Libris – Primo Central, Google Scholar, Hinari, Infotrieve, Netherlands ISSN center , ProQuest, TdNet, Wanfang Data

Journal Ethics

Wolters Kluwer and Journal/Association are committed to meeting and upholding standards of ethical behavior at all stages of the publication process. We follow closely the industry associations, such as the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), that set standards and provide guidelines for best practices in order to meet these requirements. For a summary of our specific policies regarding duplicate publication, conflicts of interest, patient consent, etc., please visit www.Medknow.com/EthicalGuidelines.asp

Digital Archiving

Wolters Kluwer Medknow provides for long-term digital preservation through two primary partnerships, Portico and CLOCKSS.

Portico is a leading digital preservation service worldwide. The content is preserved as an archival version and is not publically accessible via Portico, but is provided when required under specific conditions, such as discontinuation of the collection or catastrophic failure of the website.

CLOCKSS will enable any library to maintain their own archive of content from Wolters Kluwer Medknow and other publishers, with minimal technical effort and using cheaply available hardware.

Ahead of Print policy

Articles published online under the Ahead of Print model are considered published and can be cited and quoted using the DOI as the reference source. Wolters Kluwer Medknow has a policy that changes will not be made after publication of an article without following accepted procedures for making corrections to the scientific record.

Advertisements

While advertisements are crucial to this journal to be able to keep all content free for everyone, ethical considerations are in place to ensure the integrity of the journal and its content:

"Pop-up" and "banner" ads appear on a random, rotating basis. The advertiser has no control or input over the pages where their ads appear.

The Editorial Board has full and final approval over the content of all advertisements.

Advertisers will never be shown any manuscripts or other content prior to publication.

Scope of the journal

The Nigerian Journal of Medicine is a medical journal published bi-monthly by the Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors. We publish scientific reports on human subjects in the form of original articles, review articles, case reports and letters. The journal will cover technical and clinical studies related to medical and paediatric oncology in human well being including ethical issues. Articles with clinical interest and implications will only be given consideration.

The editorial board carries out peer review by referees in appropriate specialties on all manuscripts submitted.

Manuscripts from any part of the world will be considered for publication but preference would be given to manuscripts of interest to readers in the third world and Africa in particular.

The journal was first publised in 1990 as the journal of National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria. With effect from January 2021 the frequency of publication of the journal would be bi-monthly because of the rapid inflow of manuscripts from different parts of the world.

ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGE:

The journal charges following fee on acceptance:
Case Report, Commentary, Editorial, Letter To Editor, Original Article, Review Article, Special Article:
- US $ 126 (for overseas authors),
- INR 0 (for authors from India)
(As mandated by the Indian Government and based on the GST Law and procedures, Wolters Kluwer India Private Ltd, would be charging GST @18% on fees collected from Indian authors with effect from 1st July 2017. The said tax will be in addition to the prices maintained on the website to be collected from the authors and will be paid to the Indian Government..)

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Please find the information to authors here: https://www.njmonline.org/contributors.asp

ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGE:
The journal charges following fee on acceptance:
Case Report, Commentary, Editorial, Letter To Editor, Original Article, Review Article, Special Article:
- US $ 126 (for overseas authors),
- INR 0 (for authors from India)
(As mandated by the Indian Government and based on the GST Law and procedures, Wolters Kluwer India Private Ltd, would be charging GST @18% on fees collected from Indian authors with effect from 1st July 2017. The said tax will be in addition to the prices maintained on the website to be collected from the authors and will be paid to the Indian Government.)

PEER-REVIEW EXPLANATION
A manuscript will be reviewed for possible publication with the understanding that it is being submitted to Nigerian Journal of Medicine alone at that point in time and has not been published anywhere, simultaneously submitted, or already accepted for publication elsewhere. The journal expects that authors would authorize one of them to correspond with the Journal for all matters related to the manuscript. All manuscripts received are duly acknowledged. On submission, editors review all submitted manuscripts initially for suitability for formal review. Manuscripts with insufficient originality, serious scientific or technical flaws, or lack of a significant message are rejected before proceeding for formal peer-review. Manuscripts that are unlikely to be of interest to the Nigerian Journal of Medicine readers are also liable to be rejected at this stage itself.

Manuscripts that are found suitable for publication in Nigerian Journal of Medicine are sent to two or more expert reviewers. During submission, the contributor is requested to provide names of two or three qualified reviewers who have had experience in the subject of the submitted manuscript, but this is not mandatory. The reviewers should not be affiliated with the same institutes as the contributor/s. However, the selection of these reviewers is at the sole discretion of the editor. The journal follows a double-blind review process, wherein the reviewers and authors are unaware of each other’s identity. Every manuscript is also assigned to a member of the editorial team, who based on the comments from the reviewers takes a final decision on the manuscript. The comments and suggestions (acceptance/ rejection/ amendments in manuscript) received from reviewers are conveyed to the corresponding author. If required, the author is requested to provide a point by point response to reviewers’ comments and submit a revised version of the manuscript. This process is repeated till reviewers and editors are satisfied with the manuscript.

Manuscripts accepted for publication are copy edited for grammar, punctuation, print style, and format. Page proofs are sent to the corresponding author. The corresponding author is expected to return the corrected proofs within three days. It may not be possible to incorporate corrections received after that period. The whole process of submission of the manuscript to final decision and sending and receiving proofs is completed online. To achieve faster and greater dissemination of knowledge and information, the journal publishes articles online as ‘Ahead of Print’ immediately on acceptance.

Invalid data type in setData: Interested in submitting to this journal? We recommend that you review the About the Journal page for the journal's section policies, as well as the Author Guidelines. Authors need to register with the journal prior to submitting, or if already registered can simply log in and begin the 5 step process.Invalid data type in setData: On acceptance, the copyright of the paper will be vested in the Journal and Publisher.Invalid data type in setData:

Nigerian Journal of Medicine ( NJM) , is the official publication of Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors ( NARD), established in 1990. It is an international peer-reviewed print and online bi-monthly journal.

NJM publish scientific reports on human subjects in the form of original articles, review articles, case reports and letters. The journal covers technical and clinical studies related to medicine, dentistry and allied sciences. Articles with clinical interest and implications are only considered for publication.

The journal allows free access ( Open Access) to it's contents.

Other websites related to this journal: www.journalonweb.com/njm and www.njmonline.org

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EDITOR-IN-CHIEF:
Dr. Ayooluwa Emmanuel Omoniyi, MB, ChB, MWACS
Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife Osun State, Nigeria.
Email Address: ayoyemi2016@yahoo.com

DEPUTY EDITOR:
Dr. Nana Fayowole Olabanji, MB ChB, MWACS
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife Osun State, Nigeria.
Email Address: fayolex82@yahoo.com

EDITORIAL CONSULTANT

Prof. Stanley N. C Anyanwu, MB;BS,  FMCS, FWACS, FWACS, FACS
Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital,Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
Email Address: editornjcp@yahoo.com

Prof. Lawrence M. Oginni, MB;BS, FWACS, FMC(Ortho).
Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Osun State.
Email Address: lmoginni@yahoo.com

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

Dr. Oladimeji Agboola, MB;BS, MWACP
Senior Registrar (Psychiatry)
Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex , Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Email Address: deantolt@gmail.com

Dr. Olalekan Abdul-Rasheed Tijani, M.B.B.S; MWACP MPH (in view)
Senior Registrar
Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Email Address: drtijjrash@gmail.com

Dr. Selowo, Temitope Toluse, B.Sc . (Biochemistry), MB;BS, MPH (in-view)
Senior Registrar
Department of Chemical Pathology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State,  Nigeria
Email Address: selowomd@gmail.com

Dr. Fahd Yahaya Hassan, MB;BS, Pg. Cert Surgery, MPH
Senior Registrar
Department of Plastic Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital / National Reconstructive Plastic Surgery & Burns Center, Korle-bu Teaching Hospital, Sokoto/Nigeria and Accra/Ghana
Email ID-  fahddeen@yahoo.co.uk

Dr. Yahya Abdulmajid Ibrahim, MB; BS,
Registrar
Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital Maiduguri/ Borno State/ Nigeria.
Email ID:  abdulmajid0198@yahoo.com

Dr. Precious Okechukwu Eteike, MB;BS, MPH, PhD(in view)
Department of Obstetrics  and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
Email:  drpreciouseteike@gmail.com

Dr. Hammed Oyewo
Registrar
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre, Nguru, Yobe State, Nigeria.
Email Address: lekamm@yahoo.com

Dr. Omoha Amobi, MBBS
Senior Registrar
Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria  Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
Email Address: doctoramobiomoha@gmail.com

IMMEDIATE PAST EDITOR

Dr. Lawson Ohwofasa Obazenu, MB ChB, MWACS
Department of Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Nguru, Yobe State, Nigeria
Email Address: lawsonfasa@gmail.com

Invalid data type in setData: We encourage research librarians to list this journal among their library's electronic journal holdings. As well, it may be worth noting that this journal's open source publishing system is suitable for libraries to host for their faculty members to use with journals they are involved in editing (see Open Journal Systems).Invalid data type in setData: On acceptance, the copyright of the paper will be vested in the Journal and Publisher.Invalid data type in setData: This journal utilizes the LOCKSS system to create a distributed archiving system among participating libraries and permits those libraries to create permanent archives of the journal for purposes of preservation and restoration. More...Invalid data type in setData: The payment of this fee will enroll you as a member in this association for one year and provide you with free access to this journal.Invalid data type in setData: Association MembershipInvalid data type in setData: Nigerian Journal of MedicineInvalid data type in setData:

This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, CC BY NC SA, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Invalid data type in setData: The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party.Invalid data type in setData: If this paper is accepted for publication, you will be asked to pay an Article Publication Fee to cover publications costs.Invalid data type in setData: Article PublicationInvalid data type in setData: The payment of this fee will enable you to view, download, and print this article.Invalid data type in setData: Purchase ArticleInvalid data type in setData: We encourage readers to sign up for the publishing notification service for this journal. Use the Register link at the top of the homepage for the journal. This registration will result in the reader receiving the Table of Contents by email for each new issue of the journal. This list also allows the journal to claim a certain level of support or readership. See the journal's Privacy Statement which assures readers that their name and email address will not be used for other purposes.Invalid data type in setData: The following guidelines are used with a rating scale of 1 to 5 with high, medium and low. The guidelines are (1) Appropriateness’ of topic for the NJM (2) importance of topic to research (3) substantive contribution to knowledge (4) methodological soundness (5) good or poor English clarity (6) clinical interests for resident doctors (7) interests for academics (8) adequacy of literature review (9) other suggestions considered necessary by the reviewer.Invalid data type in setData: Nigerian Journal of MedicineInvalid data type in setData: Authors are required to pay an Article Submission Fee as part of the submission process to contribute to review costs.Invalid data type in setData: Article SubmissionInvalid data type in setData: Annual subscription rate
Nigeria (Institution/Hospitals)Invalid data type in setData: support@ajol.infoInvalid data type in setData: African Journals OnlineInvalid data type in setData:

The names and email addresses entered here will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of AJOL. We take your privacy seriously and we protect your personal information, which will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party without your permission, or unless legal obligation compels us to do so.

Invalid data type in setData: African Journals OnlineInvalid data type in setData: Nig. J. Med.Invalid data type in setData:

Publisher

Medknow Publications

Medknow, part of Wolters Kluwer Health, is one of the largest open access publishers worldwide with more than 450+ medical journals in its portfolio. Students, researchers, clinicians and other healthcare professionals worldwide access Medknow journals to help them fuel new discoveries and improve patient care.

Founded in 1997, Medknow is a well-respected medical publisher that fully supports many of the popular open access models through its peer-review management system. Medknow’s open access policy has resulted in more than a half a million article downloads monthly for all of its journals.

Wolters Kluwer Health (Philadelphia, PA) is a leading global provider of information, business intelligence and point-of-care solutions for the healthcare industry. Serving more than 150 countries and territories worldwide, Wolters Kluwer Health’s customers include professionals, institutions and students in medicine, nursing, allied health and pharmacy. Major brands include Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Ovid®, UpToDate®, Medi-Span®, Facts & Comparisons®, Pharmacy OneSource®, Lexicomp® and ProVation® Medical. Wolters Kluwer Health is part of Wolters Kluwer, a market-leading global information services company with annual revenues (2011) of €3.4 billion ($4.7 billion), approximately 19,000 employees worldwide and operations in over 40 countries across Europe, North America, Asia Pacific, and Latin America.

Medknow Specialties

Online and Print Scholarly Publishing, Peer-Review System, Specialized in Medical Research, Largest Open Access Publisher

Peer Review

PEER-REVIEW EXPLANATION
A manuscript will be reviewed for possible publication with the understanding that it is being submitted to Nigerian Journal of Medicine alone at that point in time and has not been published anywhere, simultaneously submitted, or already accepted for publication elsewhere. The journal expects that authors would authorize one of them to correspond with the Journal for all matters related to the manuscript. All manuscripts received are duly acknowledged. On submission, editors review all submitted manuscripts initially for suitability for formal review. Manuscripts with insufficient originality, serious scientific or technical flaws, or lack of a significant message are rejected before proceeding for formal peer-review. Manuscripts that are unlikely to be of interest to the Nigerian Journal of Medicine readers are also liable to be rejected at this stage itself.

Manuscripts that are found suitable for publication in Nigerian Journal of Medicine are sent to two or more expert reviewers. During submission, the contributor is requested to provide names of two or three qualified reviewers who have had experience in the subject of the submitted manuscript, but this is not mandatory. The reviewers should not be affiliated with the same institutes as the contributor/s. However, the selection of these reviewers is at the sole discretion of the editor. The journal follows a double-blind review process, wherein the reviewers and authors are unaware of each other’s identity. Every manuscript is also assigned to a member of the editorial team, who based on the comments from the reviewers takes a final decision on the manuscript. The comments and suggestions (acceptance/ rejection/ amendments in manuscript) received from reviewers are conveyed to the corresponding author. If required, the author is requested to provide a point by point response to reviewers’ comments and submit a revised version of the manuscript. This process is repeated till reviewers and editors are satisfied with the manuscript.

Manuscripts accepted for publication are copy edited for grammar, punctuation, print style, and format. Page proofs are sent to the corresponding author. The corresponding author is expected to return the corrected proofs within three days. It may not be possible to incorporate corrections received after that period. The whole process of submission of the manuscript to final decision and sending and receiving proofs is completed online. To achieve faster and greater dissemination of knowledge and information, the journal publishes articles online as ‘Ahead of Print’ immediately on acceptance.

REVIEWER’S GUIDELINES
It is expected that these articles would be written by individuals who have done substantial work on the subject or are considered experts in the field. A short summary of the work done by the contributor(s) in the field of review should accompany the manuscript. The prescribed word count is up to 3000 words excluding tables, references and abstract. The manuscript may have about 90 references. The manuscript should have an unstructured Abstract (250 words) representing an accurate summary of the article. The section titles would depend upon the topic reviewed. Authors submitting review article should include a section describing the methods used for locating, selecting, extracting, and synthesizing data. These methods should also be summarized in the abstract. The journal expects the contributors to give post-publication updates on the subject of review. The update should be brief, covering the advances in the field after the publication of the article and should be sent as a letter to editor, as and when major development occurs in the field.

Open Access Policy

This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, CC BY NC SA, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Publication Scheduling

The journal is published every two months. Supplementary issues may be published as the need arises.

General

About the Association

The Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors ( NARD), an affiliate of Nigerian Medical Association is the umbrella body of the largest resident medical association in the west African sub-region with over 16,000 members. Official members of the association include all doctors ( resident doctors, medical officers and house officers) below the rank of consultants or it's equivalent ( principal medical officers) in all health institutions where there is any form residency training in Nigeria and has been registered under the Medical and Dental Practitioner's Act CAP 221 Laws of the Federation Nigeria ( 1990)

Although residency training started in Nigeria in 1966, but the association was formed in 1978. The association aims to promote the interest of and foster closer ties and relationship among members. It also considers and expresses her views on all proposed regulations, policies and legislations affecting the training of medical and dental doctors in Nigeria and other aspects of medical practice.More so, it promotes the improvement of healthcare in Nigeria. It interacts with national and international organisations, agencies and individuals to promote the objectives of the association. The medical residency training in Nigeria is regulated by the Medical Residency Training Act 2017, an act enacted by the National Assembly and signed into law by the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

The population of Nigeria is over 200 million. Policy decisions are made by the association's National Executive Council ( NEC), which is the governing body. The Constitution of NARD is supreme and it's provisions shall have binding force on all authorities, organs, branches and members of the association and, where applicable, on any other persons. The NEC has full powers to take decisions on behalf of the association in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. The website of the association is www.nardnigeria.com.ng

About the Journal

Nigerian Journal of Medicine, a publication of Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors ( NARD), is a peer-reviewed print and online bi-monthly journal. The journal's full text is available online at http://www.njmonline.org. The journal allows free access (Open Access) to its contents and permits authors to self-archive final accepted version of the articles on any OAI-compliant institutional / subject-based repository.

Abstracting and Indexing Information

The journal is registered with the following abstracting partners:

Baidu Scholar, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), EBSCO Publishing's Electronic Databases, Ex Libris – Primo Central, Google Scholar, Hinari, Infotrieve, Netherlands ISSN center , ProQuest, TdNet, Wanfang Data

Journal Ethics

Wolters Kluwer and Journal/Association are committed to meeting and upholding standards of ethical behavior at all stages of the publication process. We follow closely the industry associations, such as the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), that set standards and provide guidelines for best practices in order to meet these requirements. For a summary of our specific policies regarding duplicate publication, conflicts of interest, patient consent, etc., please visit www.Medknow.com/EthicalGuidelines.asp

Digital Archiving

Wolters Kluwer Medknow provides for long-term digital preservation through two primary partnerships, Portico and CLOCKSS.

Portico is a leading digital preservation service worldwide. The content is preserved as an archival version and is not publically accessible via Portico, but is provided when required under specific conditions, such as discontinuation of the collection or catastrophic failure of the website.

CLOCKSS will enable any library to maintain their own archive of content from Wolters Kluwer Medknow and other publishers, with minimal technical effort and using cheaply available hardware.

Ahead of Print policy

Articles published online under the Ahead of Print model are considered published and can be cited and quoted using the DOI as the reference source. Wolters Kluwer Medknow has a policy that changes will not be made after publication of an article without following accepted procedures for making corrections to the scientific record.

Advertisements

While advertisements are crucial to this journal to be able to keep all content free for everyone, ethical considerations are in place to ensure the integrity of the journal and its content:

"Pop-up" and "banner" ads appear on a random, rotating basis. The advertiser has no control or input over the pages where their ads appear.

The Editorial Board has full and final approval over the content of all advertisements.

Advertisers will never be shown any manuscripts or other content prior to publication.

Scope of the journal

The Nigerian Journal of Medicine is a medical journal published bi-monthly by the Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors. We publish scientific reports on human subjects in the form of original articles, review articles, case reports and letters. The journal will cover technical and clinical studies related to medical and paediatric oncology in human well being including ethical issues. Articles with clinical interest and implications will only be given consideration.

The editorial board carries out peer review by referees in appropriate specialties on all manuscripts submitted.

Manuscripts from any part of the world will be considered for publication but preference would be given to manuscripts of interest to readers in the third world and Africa in particular.

The journal was first publised in 1990 as the journal of National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria. With effect from January 2021 the frequency of publication of the journal would be bi-monthly because of the rapid inflow of manuscripts from different parts of the world.

ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGE:

The journal charges following fee on acceptance:
Case Report, Commentary, Editorial, Letter To Editor, Original Article, Review Article, Special Article:
- US $ 126 (for overseas authors),
- INR 0 (for authors from India)
(As mandated by the Indian Government and based on the GST Law and procedures, Wolters Kluwer India Private Ltd, would be charging GST @18% on fees collected from Indian authors with effect from 1st July 2017. The said tax will be in addition to the prices maintained on the website to be collected from the authors and will be paid to the Indian Government..)

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Please find the information to authors here: https://www.njmonline.org/contributors.asp

ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGE:
The journal charges following fee on acceptance:
Case Report, Commentary, Editorial, Letter To Editor, Original Article, Review Article, Special Article:
- US $ 126 (for overseas authors),
- INR 0 (for authors from India)
(As mandated by the Indian Government and based on the GST Law and procedures, Wolters Kluwer India Private Ltd, would be charging GST @18% on fees collected from Indian authors with effect from 1st July 2017. The said tax will be in addition to the prices maintained on the website to be collected from the authors and will be paid to the Indian Government.)

PEER-REVIEW EXPLANATION
A manuscript will be reviewed for possible publication with the understanding that it is being submitted to Nigerian Journal of Medicine alone at that point in time and has not been published anywhere, simultaneously submitted, or already accepted for publication elsewhere. The journal expects that authors would authorize one of them to correspond with the Journal for all matters related to the manuscript. All manuscripts received are duly acknowledged. On submission, editors review all submitted manuscripts initially for suitability for formal review. Manuscripts with insufficient originality, serious scientific or technical flaws, or lack of a significant message are rejected before proceeding for formal peer-review. Manuscripts that are unlikely to be of interest to the Nigerian Journal of Medicine readers are also liable to be rejected at this stage itself.

Manuscripts that are found suitable for publication in Nigerian Journal of Medicine are sent to two or more expert reviewers. During submission, the contributor is requested to provide names of two or three qualified reviewers who have had experience in the subject of the submitted manuscript, but this is not mandatory. The reviewers should not be affiliated with the same institutes as the contributor/s. However, the selection of these reviewers is at the sole discretion of the editor. The journal follows a double-blind review process, wherein the reviewers and authors are unaware of each other’s identity. Every manuscript is also assigned to a member of the editorial team, who based on the comments from the reviewers takes a final decision on the manuscript. The comments and suggestions (acceptance/ rejection/ amendments in manuscript) received from reviewers are conveyed to the corresponding author. If required, the author is requested to provide a point by point response to reviewers’ comments and submit a revised version of the manuscript. This process is repeated till reviewers and editors are satisfied with the manuscript.

Manuscripts accepted for publication are copy edited for grammar, punctuation, print style, and format. Page proofs are sent to the corresponding author. The corresponding author is expected to return the corrected proofs within three days. It may not be possible to incorporate corrections received after that period. The whole process of submission of the manuscript to final decision and sending and receiving proofs is completed online. To achieve faster and greater dissemination of knowledge and information, the journal publishes articles online as ‘Ahead of Print’ immediately on acceptance.

Invalid data type in setData: Interested in submitting to this journal? We recommend that you review the About the Journal page for the journal's section policies, as well as the Author Guidelines. Authors need to register with the journal prior to submitting, or if already registered can simply log in and begin the 5 step process.Invalid data type in setData: On acceptance, the copyright of the paper will be vested in the Journal and Publisher.Invalid data type in setData:

Nigerian Journal of Medicine ( NJM) , is the official publication of Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors ( NARD), established in 1990. It is an international peer-reviewed print and online bi-monthly journal.

NJM publish scientific reports on human subjects in the form of original articles, review articles, case reports and letters. The journal covers technical and clinical studies related to medicine, dentistry and allied sciences. Articles with clinical interest and implications are only considered for publication.

The journal allows free access ( Open Access) to it's contents.

Other websites related to this journal: www.journalonweb.com/njm and www.njmonline.org

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EDITOR-IN-CHIEF:
Dr. Ayooluwa Emmanuel Omoniyi, MB, ChB, MWACS
Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife Osun State, Nigeria.
Email Address: ayoyemi2016@yahoo.com

DEPUTY EDITOR:
Dr. Nana Fayowole Olabanji, MB ChB, MWACS
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife Osun State, Nigeria.
Email Address: fayolex82@yahoo.com

EDITORIAL CONSULTANT

Prof. Stanley N. C Anyanwu, MB;BS,  FMCS, FWACS, FWACS, FACS
Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital,Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
Email Address: editornjcp@yahoo.com

Prof. Lawrence M. Oginni, MB;BS, FWACS, FMC(Ortho).
Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Osun State.
Email Address: lmoginni@yahoo.com

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

Dr. Oladimeji Agboola, MB;BS, MWACP
Senior Registrar (Psychiatry)
Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex , Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Email Address: deantolt@gmail.com

Dr. Olalekan Abdul-Rasheed Tijani, M.B.B.S; MWACP MPH (in view)
Senior Registrar
Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Email Address: drtijjrash@gmail.com

Dr. Selowo, Temitope Toluse, B.Sc . (Biochemistry), MB;BS, MPH (in-view)
Senior Registrar
Department of Chemical Pathology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State,  Nigeria
Email Address: selowomd@gmail.com

Dr. Fahd Yahaya Hassan, MB;BS, Pg. Cert Surgery, MPH
Senior Registrar
Department of Plastic Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital / National Reconstructive Plastic Surgery & Burns Center, Korle-bu Teaching Hospital, Sokoto/Nigeria and Accra/Ghana
Email ID-  fahddeen@yahoo.co.uk

Dr. Yahya Abdulmajid Ibrahim, MB; BS,
Registrar
Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital Maiduguri/ Borno State/ Nigeria.
Email ID:  abdulmajid0198@yahoo.com

Dr. Precious Okechukwu Eteike, MB;BS, MPH, PhD(in view)
Department of Obstetrics  and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
Email:  drpreciouseteike@gmail.com

Dr. Hammed Oyewo
Registrar
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre, Nguru, Yobe State, Nigeria.
Email Address: lekamm@yahoo.com

Dr. Omoha Amobi, MBBS
Senior Registrar
Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria  Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
Email Address: doctoramobiomoha@gmail.com

IMMEDIATE PAST EDITOR

Dr. Lawson Ohwofasa Obazenu, MB ChB, MWACS
Department of Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Nguru, Yobe State, Nigeria
Email Address: lawsonfasa@gmail.com

Invalid data type in setData: We encourage research librarians to list this journal among their library's electronic journal holdings. As well, it may be worth noting that this journal's open source publishing system is suitable for libraries to host for their faculty members to use with journals they are involved in editing (see Open Journal Systems).Invalid data type in setData: On acceptance, the copyright of the paper will be vested in the Journal and Publisher.Invalid data type in setData: This journal utilizes the LOCKSS system to create a distributed archiving system among participating libraries and permits those libraries to create permanent archives of the journal for purposes of preservation and restoration. More...Invalid data type in setData: The payment of this fee will enroll you as a member in this association for one year and provide you with free access to this journal.Invalid data type in setData: Association MembershipInvalid data type in setData: Nigerian Journal of MedicineInvalid data type in setData:

This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, CC BY NC SA, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Invalid data type in setData: The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party.Invalid data type in setData: If this paper is accepted for publication, you will be asked to pay an Article Publication Fee to cover publications costs.Invalid data type in setData: Article PublicationInvalid data type in setData: The payment of this fee will enable you to view, download, and print this article.Invalid data type in setData: Purchase ArticleInvalid data type in setData: We encourage readers to sign up for the publishing notification service for this journal. Use the Register link at the top of the homepage for the journal. This registration will result in the reader receiving the Table of Contents by email for each new issue of the journal. This list also allows the journal to claim a certain level of support or readership. See the journal's Privacy Statement which assures readers that their name and email address will not be used for other purposes.Invalid data type in setData: The following guidelines are used with a rating scale of 1 to 5 with high, medium and low. The guidelines are (1) Appropriateness’ of topic for the NJM (2) importance of topic to research (3) substantive contribution to knowledge (4) methodological soundness (5) good or poor English clarity (6) clinical interests for resident doctors (7) interests for academics (8) adequacy of literature review (9) other suggestions considered necessary by the reviewer.Invalid data type in setData: Nigerian Journal of MedicineInvalid data type in setData: Authors are required to pay an Article Submission Fee as part of the submission process to contribute to review costs.Invalid data type in setData: Article SubmissionInvalid data type in setData: Annual subscription rate
Nigeria (Institution/Hospitals)Invalid data type in setData: AJOLInvalid data type in setData:

Welcome to African Journals Online (AJOL)!

Researchers and policy-makers need access to contextually-relevant quality research publications from Africa in order to develop solutions to address the continent’s challenges in health, education, climate change & under-development.

AJOL, the indexing platform of quality African-published scholarly journals, is a Non-Profit Organisation that (since 1998) works to increase global & continental online access, awareness, quality & use of African-published, peer-reviewed research.

Invalid data type in setData: Interested in submitting to this journal? We recommend that you review the About the Journal page for the journal's section policies, as well as the Author Guidelines. Authors need to register with the journal prior to submitting, or if already registered can simply log in and begin the 5 step process.Invalid data type in setData: African Journals OnLineInvalid data type in setData: Copyright for articles published in this journal is retained by the journal.Invalid data type in setData: We encourage research librarians to list this journal among their library's electronic journal holdings. As well, it may be worth noting that this journal's open source publishing system is suitable for libraries to host for their faculty members to use with journals they are involved in editing (see Open Journal Systems).Invalid data type in setData: Copyright for articles published in this journal is retained by the journal.Invalid data type in setData: This journal utilizes the LOCKSS system to create a distributed archiving system among participating libraries and permits those libraries to create permanent archives of the journal for purposes of preservation and restoration. More...Invalid data type in setData: The payment of this fee will enroll you as a member in this association for one year and provide you with free access to this journal.Invalid data type in setData: Association MembershipInvalid data type in setData: African Journals OnlineInvalid data type in setData:

info@ajol.info

CC-BY-SA African Journals Online (AJOL), with the exception of 3rd party content (3rd party content includes inter alia all journal content accessible on or via AJOL. Re-use or sharing of AJOL-hosted journal abstracts and full text articles is not nor has ever been legally permitted unless the journal/s' and/or article/s' displayed copyright and/or license explicitly permits it, or without specific written direct permission from journal/s and/or their publishing entity/ies and/or article author/s if the author/s hold copyright)

African Journals Online (RF) S.A. Non Profit Company (NPC) Registration Number: 2005/033363/08

Invalid data type in setData: The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party.Invalid data type in setData: If this paper is accepted for publication, you will be asked to pay an Article Publication Fee to cover publications costs.Invalid data type in setData: Article PublicationInvalid data type in setData: The payment of this fee will enable you to view, download, and print this article.Invalid data type in setData: Purchase ArticleInvalid data type in setData: We encourage readers to sign up for the publishing notification service for this journal. Use the Register link at the top of the homepage for the journal. This registration will result in the reader receiving the Table of Contents by email for each new issue of the journal. This list also allows the journal to claim a certain level of support or readership. See the journal's Privacy Statement which assures readers that their name and email address will not be used for other purposes.Invalid data type in setData: Authors are required to pay an Article Submission Fee as part of the submission process to contribute to review costs.Invalid data type in setData: Article SubmissionInvalid data type in setData: Nig. J. Med.Invalid data type in setData:

Publisher

Medknow Publications

Medknow, part of Wolters Kluwer Health, is one of the largest open access publishers worldwide with more than 450+ medical journals in its portfolio. Students, researchers, clinicians and other healthcare professionals worldwide access Medknow journals to help them fuel new discoveries and improve patient care.

Founded in 1997, Medknow is a well-respected medical publisher that fully supports many of the popular open access models through its peer-review management system. Medknow’s open access policy has resulted in more than a half a million article downloads monthly for all of its journals.

Wolters Kluwer Health (Philadelphia, PA) is a leading global provider of information, business intelligence and point-of-care solutions for the healthcare industry. Serving more than 150 countries and territories worldwide, Wolters Kluwer Health’s customers include professionals, institutions and students in medicine, nursing, allied health and pharmacy. Major brands include Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Ovid®, UpToDate®, Medi-Span®, Facts & Comparisons®, Pharmacy OneSource®, Lexicomp® and ProVation® Medical. Wolters Kluwer Health is part of Wolters Kluwer, a market-leading global information services company with annual revenues (2011) of €3.4 billion ($4.7 billion), approximately 19,000 employees worldwide and operations in over 40 countries across Europe, North America, Asia Pacific, and Latin America.

Medknow Specialties

Online and Print Scholarly Publishing, Peer-Review System, Specialized in Medical Research, Largest Open Access Publisher

Peer Review

PEER-REVIEW EXPLANATION
A manuscript will be reviewed for possible publication with the understanding that it is being submitted to Nigerian Journal of Medicine alone at that point in time and has not been published anywhere, simultaneously submitted, or already accepted for publication elsewhere. The journal expects that authors would authorize one of them to correspond with the Journal for all matters related to the manuscript. All manuscripts received are duly acknowledged. On submission, editors review all submitted manuscripts initially for suitability for formal review. Manuscripts with insufficient originality, serious scientific or technical flaws, or lack of a significant message are rejected before proceeding for formal peer-review. Manuscripts that are unlikely to be of interest to the Nigerian Journal of Medicine readers are also liable to be rejected at this stage itself.

Manuscripts that are found suitable for publication in Nigerian Journal of Medicine are sent to two or more expert reviewers. During submission, the contributor is requested to provide names of two or three qualified reviewers who have had experience in the subject of the submitted manuscript, but this is not mandatory. The reviewers should not be affiliated with the same institutes as the contributor/s. However, the selection of these reviewers is at the sole discretion of the editor. The journal follows a double-blind review process, wherein the reviewers and authors are unaware of each other’s identity. Every manuscript is also assigned to a member of the editorial team, who based on the comments from the reviewers takes a final decision on the manuscript. The comments and suggestions (acceptance/ rejection/ amendments in manuscript) received from reviewers are conveyed to the corresponding author. If required, the author is requested to provide a point by point response to reviewers’ comments and submit a revised version of the manuscript. This process is repeated till reviewers and editors are satisfied with the manuscript.

Manuscripts accepted for publication are copy edited for grammar, punctuation, print style, and format. Page proofs are sent to the corresponding author. The corresponding author is expected to return the corrected proofs within three days. It may not be possible to incorporate corrections received after that period. The whole process of submission of the manuscript to final decision and sending and receiving proofs is completed online. To achieve faster and greater dissemination of knowledge and information, the journal publishes articles online as ‘Ahead of Print’ immediately on acceptance.

REVIEWER’S GUIDELINES
It is expected that these articles would be written by individuals who have done substantial work on the subject or are considered experts in the field. A short summary of the work done by the contributor(s) in the field of review should accompany the manuscript. The prescribed word count is up to 3000 words excluding tables, references and abstract. The manuscript may have about 90 references. The manuscript should have an unstructured Abstract (250 words) representing an accurate summary of the article. The section titles would depend upon the topic reviewed. Authors submitting review article should include a section describing the methods used for locating, selecting, extracting, and synthesizing data. These methods should also be summarized in the abstract. The journal expects the contributors to give post-publication updates on the subject of review. The update should be brief, covering the advances in the field after the publication of the article and should be sent as a letter to editor, as and when major development occurs in the field.

Open Access Policy

This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, CC BY NC SA, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Publication Scheduling

The journal is published every two months. Supplementary issues may be published as the need arises.

General

About the Association

The Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors ( NARD), an affiliate of Nigerian Medical Association is the umbrella body of the largest resident medical association in the west African sub-region with over 16,000 members. Official members of the association include all doctors ( resident doctors, medical officers and house officers) below the rank of consultants or it's equivalent ( principal medical officers) in all health institutions where there is any form residency training in Nigeria and has been registered under the Medical and Dental Practitioner's Act CAP 221 Laws of the Federation Nigeria ( 1990)

Although residency training started in Nigeria in 1966, but the association was formed in 1978. The association aims to promote the interest of and foster closer ties and relationship among members. It also considers and expresses her views on all proposed regulations, policies and legislations affecting the training of medical and dental doctors in Nigeria and other aspects of medical practice.More so, it promotes the improvement of healthcare in Nigeria. It interacts with national and international organisations, agencies and individuals to promote the objectives of the association. The medical residency training in Nigeria is regulated by the Medical Residency Training Act 2017, an act enacted by the National Assembly and signed into law by the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

The population of Nigeria is over 200 million. Policy decisions are made by the association's National Executive Council ( NEC), which is the governing body. The Constitution of NARD is supreme and it's provisions shall have binding force on all authorities, organs, branches and members of the association and, where applicable, on any other persons. The NEC has full powers to take decisions on behalf of the association in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. The website of the association is www.nardnigeria.com.ng

About the Journal

Nigerian Journal of Medicine, a publication of Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors ( NARD), is a peer-reviewed print and online bi-monthly journal. The journal's full text is available online at http://www.njmonline.org. The journal allows free access (Open Access) to its contents and permits authors to self-archive final accepted version of the articles on any OAI-compliant institutional / subject-based repository.

Abstracting and Indexing Information

The journal is registered with the following abstracting partners:

Baidu Scholar, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), EBSCO Publishing's Electronic Databases, Ex Libris – Primo Central, Google Scholar, Hinari, Infotrieve, Netherlands ISSN center , ProQuest, TdNet, Wanfang Data

Journal Ethics

Wolters Kluwer and Journal/Association are committed to meeting and upholding standards of ethical behavior at all stages of the publication process. We follow closely the industry associations, such as the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), that set standards and provide guidelines for best practices in order to meet these requirements. For a summary of our specific policies regarding duplicate publication, conflicts of interest, patient consent, etc., please visit www.Medknow.com/EthicalGuidelines.asp

Digital Archiving

Wolters Kluwer Medknow provides for long-term digital preservation through two primary partnerships, Portico and CLOCKSS.

Portico is a leading digital preservation service worldwide. The content is preserved as an archival version and is not publically accessible via Portico, but is provided when required under specific conditions, such as discontinuation of the collection or catastrophic failure of the website.

CLOCKSS will enable any library to maintain their own archive of content from Wolters Kluwer Medknow and other publishers, with minimal technical effort and using cheaply available hardware.

Ahead of Print policy

Articles published online under the Ahead of Print model are considered published and can be cited and quoted using the DOI as the reference source. Wolters Kluwer Medknow has a policy that changes will not be made after publication of an article without following accepted procedures for making corrections to the scientific record.

Advertisements

While advertisements are crucial to this journal to be able to keep all content free for everyone, ethical considerations are in place to ensure the integrity of the journal and its content:

"Pop-up" and "banner" ads appear on a random, rotating basis. The advertiser has no control or input over the pages where their ads appear.

The Editorial Board has full and final approval over the content of all advertisements.

Advertisers will never be shown any manuscripts or other content prior to publication.

Scope of the journal

The Nigerian Journal of Medicine is a medical journal published bi-monthly by the Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors. We publish scientific reports on human subjects in the form of original articles, review articles, case reports and letters. The journal will cover technical and clinical studies related to medical and paediatric oncology in human well being including ethical issues. Articles with clinical interest and implications will only be given consideration.

The editorial board carries out peer review by referees in appropriate specialties on all manuscripts submitted.

Manuscripts from any part of the world will be considered for publication but preference would be given to manuscripts of interest to readers in the third world and Africa in particular.

The journal was first publised in 1990 as the journal of National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria. With effect from January 2021 the frequency of publication of the journal would be bi-monthly because of the rapid inflow of manuscripts from different parts of the world.

ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGE:

The journal charges following fee on acceptance:
Case Report, Commentary, Editorial, Letter To Editor, Original Article, Review Article, Special Article:
- US $ 126 (for overseas authors),
- INR 0 (for authors from India)
(As mandated by the Indian Government and based on the GST Law and procedures, Wolters Kluwer India Private Ltd, would be charging GST @18% on fees collected from Indian authors with effect from 1st July 2017. The said tax will be in addition to the prices maintained on the website to be collected from the authors and will be paid to the Indian Government..)

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Please find the information to authors here: https://www.njmonline.org/contributors.asp

ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGE:
The journal charges following fee on acceptance:
Case Report, Commentary, Editorial, Letter To Editor, Original Article, Review Article, Special Article:
- US $ 126 (for overseas authors),
- INR 0 (for authors from India)
(As mandated by the Indian Government and based on the GST Law and procedures, Wolters Kluwer India Private Ltd, would be charging GST @18% on fees collected from Indian authors with effect from 1st July 2017. The said tax will be in addition to the prices maintained on the website to be collected from the authors and will be paid to the Indian Government.)

PEER-REVIEW EXPLANATION
A manuscript will be reviewed for possible publication with the understanding that it is being submitted to Nigerian Journal of Medicine alone at that point in time and has not been published anywhere, simultaneously submitted, or already accepted for publication elsewhere. The journal expects that authors would authorize one of them to correspond with the Journal for all matters related to the manuscript. All manuscripts received are duly acknowledged. On submission, editors review all submitted manuscripts initially for suitability for formal review. Manuscripts with insufficient originality, serious scientific or technical flaws, or lack of a significant message are rejected before proceeding for formal peer-review. Manuscripts that are unlikely to be of interest to the Nigerian Journal of Medicine readers are also liable to be rejected at this stage itself.

Manuscripts that are found suitable for publication in Nigerian Journal of Medicine are sent to two or more expert reviewers. During submission, the contributor is requested to provide names of two or three qualified reviewers who have had experience in the subject of the submitted manuscript, but this is not mandatory. The reviewers should not be affiliated with the same institutes as the contributor/s. However, the selection of these reviewers is at the sole discretion of the editor. The journal follows a double-blind review process, wherein the reviewers and authors are unaware of each other’s identity. Every manuscript is also assigned to a member of the editorial team, who based on the comments from the reviewers takes a final decision on the manuscript. The comments and suggestions (acceptance/ rejection/ amendments in manuscript) received from reviewers are conveyed to the corresponding author. If required, the author is requested to provide a point by point response to reviewers’ comments and submit a revised version of the manuscript. This process is repeated till reviewers and editors are satisfied with the manuscript.

Manuscripts accepted for publication are copy edited for grammar, punctuation, print style, and format. Page proofs are sent to the corresponding author. The corresponding author is expected to return the corrected proofs within three days. It may not be possible to incorporate corrections received after that period. The whole process of submission of the manuscript to final decision and sending and receiving proofs is completed online. To achieve faster and greater dissemination of knowledge and information, the journal publishes articles online as ‘Ahead of Print’ immediately on acceptance.

Invalid data type in setData: Interested in submitting to this journal? We recommend that you review the About the Journal page for the journal's section policies, as well as the Author Guidelines. Authors need to register with the journal prior to submitting, or if already registered can simply log in and begin the 5 step process.Invalid data type in setData: On acceptance, the copyright of the paper will be vested in the Journal and Publisher.Invalid data type in setData:

Nigerian Journal of Medicine ( NJM) , is the official publication of Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors ( NARD), established in 1990. It is an international peer-reviewed print and online bi-monthly journal.

NJM publish scientific reports on human subjects in the form of original articles, review articles, case reports and letters. The journal covers technical and clinical studies related to medicine, dentistry and allied sciences. Articles with clinical interest and implications are only considered for publication.

The journal allows free access ( Open Access) to it's contents.

Other websites related to this journal: www.journalonweb.com/njm and www.njmonline.org

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EDITOR-IN-CHIEF:
Dr. Ayooluwa Emmanuel Omoniyi, MB, ChB, MWACS
Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife Osun State, Nigeria.
Email Address: ayoyemi2016@yahoo.com

DEPUTY EDITOR:
Dr. Nana Fayowole Olabanji, MB ChB, MWACS
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife Osun State, Nigeria.
Email Address: fayolex82@yahoo.com

EDITORIAL CONSULTANT

Prof. Stanley N. C Anyanwu, MB;BS,  FMCS, FWACS, FWACS, FACS
Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital,Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
Email Address: editornjcp@yahoo.com

Prof. Lawrence M. Oginni, MB;BS, FWACS, FMC(Ortho).
Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Osun State.
Email Address: lmoginni@yahoo.com

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

Dr. Oladimeji Agboola, MB;BS, MWACP
Senior Registrar (Psychiatry)
Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex , Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Email Address: deantolt@gmail.com

Dr. Olalekan Abdul-Rasheed Tijani, M.B.B.S; MWACP MPH (in view)
Senior Registrar
Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Email Address: drtijjrash@gmail.com

Dr. Selowo, Temitope Toluse, B.Sc . (Biochemistry), MB;BS, MPH (in-view)
Senior Registrar
Department of Chemical Pathology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State,  Nigeria
Email Address: selowomd@gmail.com

Dr. Fahd Yahaya Hassan, MB;BS, Pg. Cert Surgery, MPH
Senior Registrar
Department of Plastic Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital / National Reconstructive Plastic Surgery & Burns Center, Korle-bu Teaching Hospital, Sokoto/Nigeria and Accra/Ghana
Email ID-  fahddeen@yahoo.co.uk

Dr. Yahya Abdulmajid Ibrahim, MB; BS,
Registrar
Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital Maiduguri/ Borno State/ Nigeria.
Email ID:  abdulmajid0198@yahoo.com

Dr. Precious Okechukwu Eteike, MB;BS, MPH, PhD(in view)
Department of Obstetrics  and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
Email:  drpreciouseteike@gmail.com

Dr. Hammed Oyewo
Registrar
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre, Nguru, Yobe State, Nigeria.
Email Address: lekamm@yahoo.com

Dr. Omoha Amobi, MBBS
Senior Registrar
Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria  Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
Email Address: doctoramobiomoha@gmail.com

IMMEDIATE PAST EDITOR

Dr. Lawson Ohwofasa Obazenu, MB ChB, MWACS
Department of Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Nguru, Yobe State, Nigeria
Email Address: lawsonfasa@gmail.com

Invalid data type in setData: We encourage research librarians to list this journal among their library's electronic journal holdings. As well, it may be worth noting that this journal's open source publishing system is suitable for libraries to host for their faculty members to use with journals they are involved in editing (see Open Journal Systems).Invalid data type in setData: On acceptance, the copyright of the paper will be vested in the Journal and Publisher.Invalid data type in setData: This journal utilizes the LOCKSS system to create a distributed archiving system among participating libraries and permits those libraries to create permanent archives of the journal for purposes of preservation and restoration. More...Invalid data type in setData: The payment of this fee will enroll you as a member in this association for one year and provide you with free access to this journal.Invalid data type in setData: Association MembershipInvalid data type in setData: Nigerian Journal of MedicineInvalid data type in setData:

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Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI) is not commonly encountered in practice. Despite the extreme rarity of HG as a cause of AKI, health‑care providers should be aware of the likelihood of such a complication. The aim of the study was  to report a case of HG complicated by AKI. A 35‑year‑old G2P1+0 (one alive) female presented with progressively worsening nausea and  vomiting with associated weight loss and reduced urinary output at the gestational age of 17 weeks. Serum creatinine and urea values at  presentation were 883 µmol/L and 56 mmol/L, respectively. She, however, responded to intravenous fluid  therapy/replacement with subsequent normalization of serum urea and creatinine values and restoration of renal function. AKI can be a complication of HG. Individualized care of affected women will improve the prognosis.

Keywords: Acute kidney injury, hyperemesis gravidarum, fluid therapy

Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Hyperemesis Gravidarum as a Cause of Pregnancy-related Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report from Ile-Ife, South West NigeriaInvalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: ArchibongInvalid data type in setData: Michael Sylvester Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: AdeniyiInvalid data type in setData: Olumide Adedotun Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: NanaInvalid data type in setData: Fayowole Olabanji Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: OlayemiInvalid data type in setData: Olaniyi Joseph Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Acute kidney injury, hyperemesis gravidarum, fluid therapyInvalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: AJOLInvalid data type in setData:

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Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI) is not commonly encountered in practice. Despite the extreme rarity of HG as a cause of AKI, health‑care providers should be aware of the likelihood of such a complication. The aim of the study was  to report a case of HG complicated by AKI. A 35‑year‑old G2P1+0 (one alive) female presented with progressively worsening nausea and  vomiting with associated weight loss and reduced urinary output at the gestational age of 17 weeks. Serum creatinine and urea values at  presentation were 883 µmol/L and 56 mmol/L, respectively. She, however, responded to intravenous fluid  therapy/replacement with subsequent normalization of serum urea and creatinine values and restoration of renal function. AKI can be a complication of HG. Individualized care of affected women will improve the prognosis.

Keywords: Acute kidney injury, hyperemesis gravidarum, fluid therapy

Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Hyperemesis Gravidarum as a Cause of Pregnancy-related Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report from Ile-Ife, South West NigeriaInvalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: ArchibongInvalid data type in setData: Michael Sylvester Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: AdeniyiInvalid data type in setData: Olumide Adedotun Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: NanaInvalid data type in setData: Fayowole Olabanji Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: OlayemiInvalid data type in setData: Olaniyi Joseph Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Acute kidney injury, hyperemesis gravidarum, fluid therapyInvalid data type in setData: siziwe@ajol.info, 38.pdfInvalid data type in setData: Acute kidney injury, hyperemesis gravidarum, fluid therapyInvalid data type in setData: ARTInvalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: ArticlesInvalid data type in setData: Acute kidney injury, hyperemesis gravidarum, fluid therapyInvalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Invalid data type in setData: Hyperemesis Gravidarum as a Cause of Pregnancy-related Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report from Ile-Ife, South West Nigeria | Nigerian Journal of Medicine

Main Article Content

Hyperemesis Gravidarum as a Cause of Pregnancy-related Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report from Ile-Ife, South West Nigeria


Michael Sylvester Archibong
Olumide Adedotun Adeniyi
Fayowole Olabanji Nana
Olaniyi Joseph Olayemi

Abstract

Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI) is not commonly encountered in practice. Despite the extreme rarity of HG as a cause of AKI, health‑care providers should be aware of the likelihood of such a complication. The aim of the study was  to report a case of HG complicated by AKI. A 35‑year‑old G2P1+0 (one alive) female presented with progressively worsening nausea and  vomiting with associated weight loss and reduced urinary output at the gestational age of 17 weeks. Serum creatinine and urea values at  presentation were 883 µmol/L and 56 mmol/L, respectively. She, however, responded to intravenous fluid  therapy/replacement with subsequent normalization of serum urea and creatinine values and restoration of renal function. AKI can be a complication of HG. Individualized care of affected women will improve the prognosis.


Keywords: Acute kidney injury, hyperemesis gravidarum, fluid therapy


Journal Identifiers


eISSN: 2667-0526
print ISSN: 1115-2613