Prevalence and risk factors for overweight and obesity among suburban semi-nomadic Fulani's of northwestern Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a major public health problem that is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is an important threat that is fast becoming an emerging epidemic globally, Nigeria inclusive. Although there are numerous studies on the prevalence of obesity in Nigeria, the semi-nomadic Fulani's have not been extensively studied. This study will, therefore, help to assist policymakers to plan effective strategies for combating the epidemic among neglected ethnic populations.
Method: The study was a community-based cross-sectional study carried out in Kumbotso Local Government Area of Kano state, from June 2015 to December 2015. Anthropometric indices (Weight, height, waist and Hip circumferences) were measured for the subjects. Body mass index and waist hip ratio was also calculated. Serum blood glucose, lipid, and blood pressure were determined.
Results:  The mean ±SD age of the subjects was 38.97±15/98 years, with a range of 18 – 90 years. There were 208 (39.1%) males and 324 (60.9%) females, p <0.001. Obesity was found in 9.21% of the subjects (4.32% of males, 13.58% of females). Overweight was found in 20.86% of the subjects, 15.38% of males and 13.58% of females respectively. Factors associated with overweight include advancing age and female gender. The odds ratio for developing obesity is higher in subjects > 50 years (2.319, 95% CI, 1.203-3.540).
Conclusion: There is a relatively high prevalence of overweight and obesity among suburban semi-nomadic Fulani's. In view of this, there is the urgent need to initiate public health measures aimed at improving healthy lifestyle measures.

Key words: Prevalence, overweight, obesity, risk factors and sub urban.