Medical students' perceptions regarding antibiotics use and antimicrobial resistance in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Medical students as future doctors have important roles to play in the control of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the perceptions of medical students regarding antibiotics use and antimicrobial resistance in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among all the 184 fifth and sixth year medical students in Ebonyi State University, Nigeria using semi-structured, self-administered questionnaires. Proportions, chi square and logistic regression were estimated with Epi Info version 7.2 at 5% level of significance.

Results: Respondents were mostly males (62.5%), aged 20-29 years (68.9%) with 60.9% of them in final year. Majority (85.9%) had used antibiotics in the last one year. Most (78.3%) rated themselves to have adequate knowledge on antibiotic use and resistance but only 40.2% respondents had positive perception towards antibiotic use and resistance. Similarly, only 46.7% agreed that hand washing was important in controlling antimicrobial resistance. Majority (53.3%) believed that antibiotics were safe drugs and should be used commonly while only 50.5% disagreed with use of antibiotics as first line treatment for sore throat. Desire for more education on antimicrobial resistance and use was a significant predictor of positive perception (OR 0.36, 95% CI; 0.15-0.87; P=0.024)

Conclusions: There was poor perception towards antibiotic use and resistance in spite of the high rates of antibiotic consumption and self-rated knowledge on antimicrobial use. There is need for reorientation of medical students' perceptions towards antibiotic usage and the role of infection control in curbing antimicrobial resistance.

Keywords: antibiotic use, antimicrobial resistance, perception, medical students, Nigeria