Clinicopathologic study of colonic polyps in South Western Nigeria

Abstract

Background and Aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is believed that CRC develops from adenomas or benign adenomatous polyps. Information concerning this premalignant condition in Nigeria is still relatively scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathologic features of colorectal polyps seen in patients who had colonoscopy at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross‑sectional study carried out at the Endoscopy Unit of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Colonoscopy was performed on the patients after bowel preparation. Polyps were characterized by their colonic location, size in millimeter, and histopathological diagnosis. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0.
Results: The patients comprised 65 (58.0%) males and 47 (42.0%) females. The mean age was 60 ± 12.5 years, with majority being in the age range of 51–60 years. The most common indication for colonoscopy was hematochezia. The location of the polyps was as follows: 41 (36.6%) in the rectum, 30 (26.8%) in the sigmoid colon, and 22 (19.6%) each in the transverse and descending colon. In 51 (45.5%) patients, polyps were <5 mm in size; 5–10 mm in 48 (42.9%) patients; and >10 mm in 13 (11.6%) patients. The most frequent histological diagnosis was adenomatous polyp.
Conclusion: Polyps were found more commonly in males and in individuals aged 50 years and above. The most common location is the  rectosigmoid colon, and the polyps are majorly adenomatous. Our findings suggest the need for colonoscopy service to be made more widely available across the country so as to contribute to reduction in CRC incidence among Nigerians.

Keywords: Adenomatous, colonic polyps, diminutive polyps, Nigeria