Evaluation of Periodontal Parameters around Osseointegrated Dental Implants in Benin City, Nigeria

Abstract

Objective: Peri-implant diseases which include mucositis and peri-implantitis may occur when implants are placed. A proper assessment of the periodontal parameters of dental implants and a good understanding of the hard and soft tissues surrounding dental implants are paramount to enhance long term success rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the periodontal parameters around osseointegrated Dental implants in Benin City, Nigeria.

Methods: Clinical and radiologic evaluation of all patients who had osseointegrated dental implants placed either in the anterior or posterior region were done over time (2012-2014). The periodontal parameters include marginal bone level, probing depth, suppuration, radiographic bone loss and implant mobility. Statistical significance between frequencies, gender differences was evaluated with the chi-square test. Significant values of P<0.05 were applied.

Results: A total number of 47 implants were placed with a success rate of 93.6% over a 3-year period and a failure rate of 6.4%. Anterior implants were placed in 21 (44.7%) and posterior in 26 (55.3%). Bone level for anterior implants recorded an average marginal bone loss of less than 0.5mm and an insignificant level for the posterior region. Probing depth at 3 months post op showed an average minimal depth of 0.5mm. Suppuration was seen in 6.4% and radiographic bone loss visible in 12.8% at 3 months. There was however no significant difference in pre and post-op values bleeding on probing and radiographic bone loss. Implant

mobility was observed in 25.5% at 3 months post-op, 6.4% at 6 months and reduced to 0% at 3 years.

Conclusion: Periodontal outcomes of the studied osseointegrated dental implants were favourable, indicating better stability and a high success rate over a period of 3 years.

Keywords: Dental implants, periodontal parameters, success