Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura presenting as gingival bleeding in a Periodontal Clinic in Benin City, Nigeria

Abstract

This is a case of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) which led to continuous intermittent bleeding from the gingival sulcus of 11,21, 32, 34, 35, 44, 45, 36. Intraoral examination showed petechiae and ecchymosis on the lips, buccal mucosa, hard palate and on the ventral surface of the tongue. Petechiae and black patches on the upper and lower limbs led to the suspicion of altered coagulation or bleeding disorder. A 633full blood count revealed pancytopenia (RBC 2.87X 10/ul; WBC 2.5 x10/ul and platelet 9x10/ul). This emphasizes the significance of a good clinical examination, early diagnosis and referral of such patients to specialists for prompt treatment. This case report will serve as a guide to dentists that not all gingival bleeding are due to plaque accumulation that result in gingival inflammation and that some systemic diseases present with oral manifestations. 

Keywords: gingival bleeding, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, pancytopenia