Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Nitrobenzaldehyde Schiff base and Complexes

A Akeredolu — 2025-02-05

The Schiff base (NL) was synthesized by the reaction between ethanolamine and 3-nitrobenzaldehyde. The metal complexes with Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) were obtained in an alcoholic KOH medium. The diagnostic H-C=N proton shift at 8.48 δ ppm confirmed the formation of the Schiff base ligand. The stoichiometry of the metal complexes was determined through the percentage metal content by EDTA titration. The infrared spectra suggested the chelation of the ligand through the ethanolamine oxygen as a monodentate ligand. The O-H band of the hydroxide ion was observed between 3650 and 3450 cm^–1. The shift in n ® p* transition from 327 nm in the ligand spectrum to 337-347 nm in the complexes was ascribed to delocalisation of lone electrons to the aromatic ring upon coordination, while the metal ions were assigned to the octahedral geometry as shown by their visible bands. The in vitro antimicrobial potency of the compounds was investigated against ten microbial strains using the agar well diffusion method. The compounds were generally active against the bacterial and fungal cells, demonstrating a broad-spectrum while the Cu(II) complex has the largest inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aure

Broad-Based Assessment Of Water Pollution Level And Land Degradation At The Vicinity Of Ibeno Beach In Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

U E Udoh — 2025-02-05

Ibeno Beach in Akwa Ibom State faces alarming environmental challenges with potential risks on human health and the environment. Integrated approach involving classical, instrumental and space-based methods were employed to conduct rigorous heavy metal and physicochemical analyses of water, soil and plant samples to determine the extent of pollution. A total of 10 water, 10 plant (Beach morning glory: Ipomoea pes-caprae), and 20 soil samples were collected at various locations and coordinates taken. Multi-parameter analysis was conducted both in situ and in the laboratory. Physicochemical analysis of the water parameters revealed elevated levels of salt, chloride, TDS, and turbidity. Overall, the pH of samples varied significantly, and the electrical conductivity of the water samples were relatively high. Heavy metal analysis using Agilent 720 ES ICP-OES revealed moderate levels of Pb, Ni and Cr with range in water (0.01-0.04; 0.01-0.07; 0.01) mg/L, soil (0.04-51.59; 0.01-5.18; 0.01-9.69) mg/kg, and plant (1.48-6.19; 2.49-20.52; 0.73-13) mg/kg, respectively. Geospatial analysis using hyperspectral Landsat 8 sensor revealed a general landmass and feature loss indicating degradation. Statistical analysis using a one-way ANOVA at 95% confidence level revealed no significant difference in the heavy metal levels in most of the samples.

Utilization of Plastic Wastes in The Production of Pavement Blocks: A Study on Mechanical Properties

F A Jajere — 2025-02-05

This study investigates the utilization of plastic wastes, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), poly propylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the production of pavement block. These plastic were mixed in different ratios with cement, sand, and stone dust to produce durable and cost-effective blocks.The plastic wastes was shredded, melted (1700C-2900C), and mixed with fillers. The mixture was cast into moulds and tested for hardness and compressive strength). Significant improvements were observed: enhanced hardness (134N/mm2,), satisfactory compressive strength (33.03N/m2) compared to conventional blocks hardness 53.3N/mm2 and compressive strength 5.08N/m2) the plastic pavement blocks demonstrated superior performance. This research demonstrates the potential of plastic waste in construction, offering a sustainable solution for waste management and environmentally friendly infrastructure development.

Phytochemical, Minerals and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Trianthema portulacastrum (aizoaceae) Leaf extract

S C Okolo — 2025-02-05

The leaf extracts of the plant was analyzed for its phytochemical, mineral and antimicrobial activities using the standard method. The Phytochemical constituent revealed the presence of tannins in all the solvent system used for extraction. Alkaloids and phenol were present in dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extract but absent in ethanol extract. Flavonoids, cardiac glycoside and saponins were present in aqueous and ethanol extract. Terpenoids was absent in aqueous but present in the other solvent used. The proximate composition revealed carbohydrate has the highest percentage content of 21.24%, protein: 21.10%, Fibre: 18.40%, Ash: 17.82% while lipid and moisture content are 11.94% and 9.5% respectively. The mineral composition in the leaf showed the contents (mg/g) as in order of Ca: 7.3303mg/g>K: 2.3297mg/g>Na: 1.3327mg/g>Mg: 0.7427mg/g>Fe: 0.6234mg/g>Mn: 0.2344mg/g>Cu: 0.0555mg/g>Zn: 0.0435mg/g>Cr: 0.0330mg/g>Pb: 0.0198mg/g>Ni: 0.0054>Cd: 0.0022mg/g The PPT/DCM/HP, FILT/DCM/HP, ETOA/HP and MTH/HP extract showed sensitivity in stephlococcus aureus, FILT/DCM/HP and MTH/HP are sensitive in Meth. resist staph aureous and Acinetobacter sp. The zone of inhibition against the test microorganisms occurred in the four (4) extract at 20mm, 20mm, 20mm and 22mm for staphylococcus aureus and the extract, PPT/DCM/HP(24mm), FILT/DCM/HP(20mm) and MTH/HP) in streptococcus pneumonia and PPT/DCM/HP(27mm), FILT/DCM/HP(20mm) and MTH/HP(20mm) for Acinetobacter sp. The results shows that the leaf extract plays significant role in the body metabolic system.