Antibacterial activity of plant extracts against some clinical bacterial isolates

Abstract

Detarium microcarpum, Anogeissusleio carpus and Carissa edulis plants are traditionally used for their medicinal value in tropical and subtropical regions in West and North Africa. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the phytochemical ingredients and the efficacy of aqueous and chloroform extracts of the Detarium microcarpum, Anogeissusleio carpus and Carissa edulis for the treatment of some bacterial isolates causing opportunistic skin infections. The aqueous and chloroform extracts of Detarium microcarpum, Anogeissusleio carpus and Carissa edulis were prepared through percolation method. Extracts were evaluated for antibacterial activities against Streptococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes using disc diffusion method and the standard antibiotic (Ciprofloxacin) at 250 mg/ml was used as positive control. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenes, tannins and glycosides. In vitro antibacterial activity of the Detarium microcarpum, Anogeissus leiocarpus and Carissa edulis extracts ranged from 9-14 mm to 18.00-35.00 mm for the standard antibiotic discs. The range of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the extracts was 2.5-20 mg/ml while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 5-10 mg/ml. The extracts of stems of Detarium microcarpum, Anogeissus leiocarpus and Carissa edulis were found to have bioactive potentiality on Streptococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Therefore, these plant parts may be recommended to be used as herbal medicine for the treatment of skin infections caused by Streptococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.