Kolaviron Isolated from Garcinia kola Seed Inhibits Snake Venom Phosphodiesterase Activity

Abstract

Most of the snake venom toxic enzymes that induce severe pathological effects belong to the hydrolytic class, including phosphodiesterase (svPDE) and kolaviron (KV) from Garcinia kola seed (GKS) happens to be a potent inhibitor against this class of enzymes. This study demonstrated the inhibitory effect of KV against svPDE activity. KV, isolated through successive extraction methods from GKS, was validated via Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). KV was assessed enzymatically for its ability to inhibit svPDE. About 1% KV was obtained from 50 g pulverized GKS following LC-MS spectra analysis. KV inhibited svPDE in a dose-dependent pattern with an IC₅₀ value of 40 µg/mL. Lineweaver-Burk plot of initial velocity data of inhibition by KV revealed a non-competitive pattern with a K_i value of 22 µg/mL at 40 µg/mL of KV. The K_M remained constant at 2.4 µg/mL, while V_max changed from 10.6 µmol/min/mg to 3.7 µmol/min/mg in the presence of 40 µg/mL of KV. This study suggests that KV could act as a potential inhibitor capable of countering the toxic action of svPDE in a non-competitive manner and may be used in treating snakebite victims.