Cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials of the extracts and fraction of the leaf of Datura metel (Lnn.)

Abstract

This study evaluated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the leaf extracts of Datura metel with a view to understanding the mode of action of the extracts using plant model. The study involved collection, identification, authentication and preparation of methanol (ME) and aqueous extracts (AQE) of the plant. The methanol extract (ME) was partitioned with n-hexane and ethylacetate to yield ethylacetate fraction (EAF). Genotoxic and cytotoxic activities of the extracts and fraction as well as its effect on biochemical parameters were evaluated using Allium cepa assay technique. The extracts and fraction caused root growth inhibition, induced chromosomal abnormalities which include formation of sticky chromosomes, chromosome bridges, c-mitosis and other metaphase and anaphase disorders. Decrease in mitotic index, increase in chromosomal aberration and changes in biochemical parameters were observed. In conclusion, the ME, AQE and EAF of the leaves of D. metel exhibited growth inhibition, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects through the disruption of the structure of nucleic acid thereby blocking cell division and elongation which in turn could affect the growth of the plant.