Use of Traditional Herbal Medicine (THM) among Adults in Ojo Local Government Area: Potential for Formal Integration at the Primary Healthcare Level

Abstract

Summary: The use of traditional Herbal Medicines (THM) is increasing globally, with about 80% of the world's population relying on them for primary healthcare. The use of THM may be beneficial but comes with issues, such as potential side effects and harmful drug interactions. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 272 adult residents of the Ojo Local government area, selected using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data was collected using a semi-structured pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Epi-info version 7.2.2.6 computer software. Chi-square was used to test association between sociodemographic characteristics and use of THM. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The majority (69.49%) of respondents interviewed were between the ages of 25-44 years, half of the respondents (50.37%) were single. Many respondents (55.51%) had good knowledge of THM, and perceived THM as safe for children (74.26%) and adults (90.07%). The majority of respondents thought that THM were safe for adults (90.1%), children (74.3%) and with fewer side effects than orthodox drugs (63.6%). About 70% of respondents were THM users, while only 7% were THM non-users (having never used THM), with 23% of respondents being THM-exposed (reporting use of THM at least once in their lifetime but not in the preceding 6 months). Factors significantly associated with use were respondents' age (p=0.005), level of education (p=0.003), monthly income (p=0.007), occupation (p=0.018), and wealth quintile (p=0.019). Respondents of older ages, with lower levels of education and income, in partially skilled or unskilled occupations, and classified in the 'poor' wealth quintile were statistically significantly associated with being THM users. The respondents in the study knew about THMs but did not realize the potential risks. Respondents perceived THMs as safe and effective, contributing to high use. While no side effects were reported, public education is needed to promote safe THM use and minimize potential health problems.