NG Journal of Social Development

Exploring the relationship between government tax revenue and economic growth in Tanzania from 1996 to 2024

Mpfubhusa Fitina Laurent, Devotha Gabriel — Wed, 15 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the relationship between
gross domestic product (GDP) and key tax
revenue components in Tanzania, focusing on
their impact on economic performance. Utilizing
the ARMA model, the research highlights how
GDP is influenced by its own past values and
various tax sources, including domestic valueadded tax (VAT), VAT on imports, and domestic
excise duty. The results revealed that these
consumption-based taxes significantly contribute
to GDP growth, underscoring their vital role in
driving economic performance. In contrast, PayAs-You-Earn (PAYE) and excise duties on imports
show limited or insignificant effects, suggesting
that direct and trade-related taxes have a less
pronounced impact. The study’s approach
effectively captures the interactions between tax
revenue and economic growth, providing
valuable insights into their contributions. Key
findings showed the importance of strengthening
tax compliance systems and enhancing domestic
production to maximize the benefits of VAT and
excise duties. The study advocates for policies
that broaden the tax base, improve trade
facilitation, and modernize tax administration to
support sustainable economic growth.
Additionally, it underscores the necessity of
adapting fiscal policies to evolving economic
conditions, contributing to the discourse on
effective tax policy and economic development in
Tanzania.

Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on Selected Macroeconomic Variables in Nigeria

Nwangene, Emezie Kene, Prof. Akamobi Anthony A. — Tue, 25 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Examining the combined impact of exchange rate
volatility on economic growth, inflation, and
unemployment provides a more comprehensive
understanding of their interconnections and overall effects
on an economy. Specifically, this study examined the effect
of exchange rate volatility on economic growth, to
appraise the effect of exchange rate volatility on inflation,
and to assess the influence of exchange rate volatility on
unemployment rate in Nigeria from 1981 to 2021. The
study employed Feasible Generalized Least Square
(FGLS) method as the analytical technique. The findings
of this study revealed that exchange rate volatility has a
significant negative impact on economic growth,
indicating that it retards growth. Additionally, exchange
rate volatility has a significant positive impact on
inflation, suggesting that it escalates inflationary
pressures. Furthermore, exchange rate volatility has a
significant positive impact on unemployment, indicating
that it contributes to higher unemployment rates. However,
the study concluded that exchange rate volatility has a
significant negative impact on economic growth in
Nigeria. Exchange rate volatility has a significant positive
impact on inflation and unemployment in Nigeria. In light
of these findings, it is recommended that policymakers in
Nigeria should focus on implementing measures to reduce
exchange rate volatility, as it negatively affects economic
growth, increases inflationary pressures, and contributes
to unemployment. These measures may include enhancing
exchange rate stability through appropriate monetary and
fiscal policies, promoting export diversification, and
attracting foreign direct investment to improve exchange
rate management and stability.

Unpacking the Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Tanzania’s Labor Market

Safina Daudi Mziray, Setonga Jumanne — Tue, 25 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the impact of foreign direct
investment (FDI) on labor market dynamics in
Tanzania using a 34-year time series dataset
(1990–2023). Advanced econometric methods,
including the Autoregressive Distributed Lag
(ARDL) model, Johansen Co-integration tests are
employed to analyze long-term and short-term
effects of FDI on employment creation and
productivity. Results reveal a significant positive
long-term relationship, with a 1% increase in
FDI leading to a 0.305% rise in labor force
participation, while short-term findings highlight
persistent labor market growth influenced by past
employment levels. From a monetary policy
perspective, the findings recommend that
macroeconomic stability is critical to enhancing
FDI’s effectiveness. Policymakers should
prioritize maintaining low inflation, stable
exchange rates, and favorable credit conditions
to attract sustainable FDI inflows. Furthermore,
aligning monetary policy with fiscal strategies to
direct investments into labor-intensive and
productivity-enhancing sectors can amplify FDI’s
impact on job creation. Strengthening
institutional frameworks, improving
infrastructure, and promoting access to finance
for complementary domestic industries are
essential for leveraging FDI to achieve inclusive
economic growth. These insights provide
actionable guidance for optimizing FDI's role in
Tanzania's sustainable development trajectory

Interrogating Students’ Low performance in English Language Subject in Government Primary Schools: Evidence from Dodoma City Council

Gloria Nangawe Urassa, Dr Michael Msendekwa — Mon, 10 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims at exploring the factors contributing to
low performance of English language subject in
government primary school in Dodoma city council. The
study using descriptive survey design which is appropriate
for collecting detailed data needed for the study. Data
were collected using questionnaire and In-depth
interview. The questionnaire targeted English teachers
and students, while interviews were conducted with head
of schools and educational administrator. Data from
interviews were analyzed thematically. Themes were
identified and coded to understand patterns and insights
related to the factors affecting students' performance.
Results indicate that the factors contributing to low
performance of English language in government primary
schools were; weak English background among pupils,
multilingual classes, and incompetent teachers on
language usage, limited resources, crowded classroom,
and overreliance on Swahili language, shortage of English
language teachers and lack of parents’ support and
interest. These findings offer valuable insights and it is
recommended that Ward Education Officer (WEO) and
head teachers need to report the correct and most useful
data about the number of English language teachers per
school, availability of teaching and learning resources like
books, its deficits and the quantities needed; this would
effectively enable the government to equally allocate these
resources. Moreover, students should be motivated to
acquire confidence wherever they make mistake in
language classroom to in courage them in language
learning.

Urbanisation and Health Sector Management in Enugu Urban, Enugu State Nigeria

Abugu, Hyginus Echezonachi, Walter Ezeodili — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study examines the urbanisation and health sector
management in Enugu Urban, Enugu State Nigeria. The
specific objectives of the study were to: assess the impact
of urbanization on the availability and accessibility of
healthcare services in Enugu Urban, evaluate the effect of
rapid population growth and informal settlements on
public health and disease prevalence in Enugu Urban and
analyze government policies and urban planning
strategies in addressing healthcare infrastructure deficits
in Enugu Urban. The study employed primary and
secondary sources of data. The population of the study was
1,586,200. Freund and Williams (1986) formula was
used to determine the sample size of 369. The collected
data was analyzed through the use of mean score. The t
test analysis technique was applied in testing the
hypotheses. The findings revealed that there is a
significant impact of urbanization on the availability and
accessibility of healthcare services in Enugu Urban, that
rapid population growth and informal settlements have a
significant effect on public health and disease prevalence
in Enugu Urban and that government policies and urban
planning strategies are effective in addressing healthcare
infrastructure deficits in Enugu Urban. The study
concluded that urbanization significantly affects health
sector management in Enugu Urban, leading to increased
demand for healthcare services. Rapid population growth
and informal settlements contribute to poor sanitation,
increased disease prevalence, and pressure on existing
health services. The study recommended that the
government should increase investment in healthcare
infrastructure by expanding hospitals, upgrading existing
facilities, and establishing more primary healthcare
centers in underserved areas. Public-private partnerships
should be strengthened to enhance funding, while medical
equipment and essential drugs should be adequately
supplied to meet the growing healthcare demands of urban
residents.

Effects of Professional Ethics on Organizational Performance: A Study of Anambra State Ministry of Education, Awka

Ezedinachi Chinwe Priscilla , Emma E.O. Chukwuemeka — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study examined the effects of professional ethics on
organizational performance in Anambra State Ministry of
Education, Awka. The objectives of the study was to
understand how ethical practices such as ethical
leadership, accountability, integrity and transparency
affect organizational performance in the civil service,
particularly the Ministry of Education in Anambra State.
The study was anchored on the Ethical Leadership Theory
introduced by scholars such as Brown, Treviño, and
Harrison in 2005, and utilized descriptive survey research
design. Data were collected only from primary sources
through the use of questionnaire, in-depth interviews and
focus group discussions. The data were analyzed using
descriptive and inferential statistics. All analyses were
conducted using SPSS version 24. The findings revealed
that all the four coefficients; ethical leadership,
accountability, integrity, and transparency, have
significant positive effect on organizational performance
in Anambra State Ministry of Education. The study
concluded that professional ethics is a critical driver of
organizational success and should be prioritized to ensure
sustained productivity and improved service delivery.
Among other recommendations, the study suggests that the
ministry should institutionalize ethical leadership through
capacity-building programs such as workshops and
training. These initiatives will equip leaders with the
knowledge and skills to model ethical behaviors, foster
trust, and inspire employees toward higher performance

Land ACT and Socioeconomic Development in Enugu State

Onyia, Ifeoma , Walter Ezeodili — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study examined the land use act and socioeconomic
development in Enugu State. The specific objectives of the
study were to: analyze the effect of land acquisition
processes on investment opportunities in Enugu state,
examine the effect of the Land Use Act on rapid
urbanization in Enugu State and identify the effect of the
Land Use Act on housing development in Enugu State.
Three research questions and hypotheses were raised to
guide the study. This study was conducted using survey
research design. The study employed secondary and
primary sources of data. The population of the study
was1106681. Taro Yamane formula was used to determine
the sample size of 400. The collected data was analyzed
through the use of mean score. The Z-test analysis
technique was applied in testing the hypotheses. The
findings revealed that Land acquisition processes has
affected investment opportunities in Enugu state, Land
Use Act has significantly accelerated the rate of
urbanization in Enugu State and Land Use Act has
positively influenced housing development in Enugu State.
The study concluds that the Land Use Act has had a
profound impact on socioeconomic development in Enugu
State. By centralizing land ownership and streamlining
land allocation processes, the Act has facilitated increased
agricultural productivity and accelerated urbanization.
The study recommends that Enugu State should enhance
the clarity and reliability of land titles, ensuring that
property rights are well-defined and protected.
Keywords: Land use Act, Socioeconomic Development,
Land acquisition processes, Investment opportunities

Financial Technology, Its Digital Fraud Effects on Financial Inclusion and Nigerian Economic Growth in 1985-2024: A Simultaneous Model Approach

Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examined interconnected effects of financial
technology on financial inclusion levels in conjunction
with the growing prevalence of digital fraud in Nigeria
economy 1985-2024. The study employed the following
advanced econometric techniques; simultaneous equation
model using two-stage Least Squares technique (ILS)
estimate, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) tests, co
integration test and Granger causality test along with
adjusted R- squared, Durbin-Watson statistic, f- statistic
and t- statistic. Based on the above econometric
techniques conducted, it was observed that financial fraud
via fanatical technology services accessibility has
significant effects on financial inclusion in Nigeria.
Financial technology service penetration rate in Nigeria
has significant effects on financial fraud via fanatical
technology services accessibility. Gross domestic product
and mobile and internet transaction system service in
Nigeria has a positive influence on financial fraud via
fanatical technology services accessibility. Fraud via
fanatical technology services accessibility has significant
impact on gross domestic product and mobile in Nigeria
economy. The researcher recommends that; more
emphasis of control should be placed on financial
infrastructure technology innovation services upgrade and
inter-security alter adoption which will be beneficial and
its usage will significantly reach in addressing financial
fraud via fanatical technology in Nigerian economy. There
is need for CBN to addresses corporate governance in
identifying fraud-risk factors within all banks, social
network and should be implemented by all bank
management teams on the supervisory of the central bank
of Nigeria, Federal ministry of finance and NDIC.