NG Journal of Social Development

Does Ethical Guidance Improve the Performance of Organizations? Reflections From Tanzanian Health Centers

Stella Kinemo — 2024-06-21

Effective employee performance is important for
health centers in delivering health services to the
communities. One of the factors to be considered
in improving performance is ethical leadership
behavior. There has been a growing concern
about unethical behaviour in Tanzania
specifically on health care. The most common
unethical practices are petty corruption, theft of
medicine for sale, favoritism, and bribery. This
study aimed to determine whether employees of
health centers were guided on ethical behavior
and determine the influence of ethical guidance
on the performance of employees of health
centers in Morogoro municipal council,
Tanzania. A cross-sectional research design was
adopted. The study sample size was 72, drawn
from a target population of employees of five
health centers. Purposive and random sampling
approaches were utilized in the sampling
process. A structured questionnaire was used as
a data collection technique. Descriptive and
regression analysis were used to analyze the
quantitative data. The findings revealed that
ethical guidance had a significant effect on the
performance of employees of health centers in
Morogoro municipality.

Periscoping Electronic Governance in Nnamdi Azikwe University Awka: Has it really Reinvigorates Employee Service Delivery?

Chima Onyezere — 2024-06-21

This paper examines E-Governance and how it
has reinvigorates employee service delivery in
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, The specific
objectives of the study includes; to examine the
extent to which knowledge of ICT and its usage
affect service delivery; to determine if the
availability of modern ICT gadgets enhances
service delivery and to examine the extent to
which epileptic power supply affects the
implementation of better service delivery in the
University. Three research questions guided the
study which was used to formulate the
hypotheses. The Population of the study was
6,350 which comprises of teaching and nonteaching staff of the University while Taro
Yamane formula was used to draw a sample size
of 376. However, 350 of the distributed
questionnaire were retrieved which was used for
the analysis. Simple percentage was used in
analyzing the data. The study revealed that
during the period under study, the University
recorded tremendous heights in the use of
electronic governance such as Staff annual
appraisal; Staff daily clock in attendance;
online checking of mails; Digital payment of
students’ school fees; Online checking of
semester results by students; Online application
and defense of postgraduate thesis and
dissertation to mention but a few. It was
therefore recommended that the University
should consolidate on the achievements already
recorded.

Interrogating Insurgence in the South-East Nigeria: A Political Brouhaha or a Political Solution?

Yakubu Mohammed — 2024-05-09

Insecurity is a national challenge and a major
implicative factor of varied worrisome issues in
Nigeria. It has become the daily reality of most
parts of the nation, particularly the southeast
region where incessant conflicts and social
disorder create severe psychological, political
and socio-economic dysfunctions. Southeast
inhabitants face terrorization due to the chaos
and violence associated with the activities of
various non-state actors such as The Indigenous
People of Biafra (IPOB), the sit-at-home order
and its related issues including kidnappings,
farmers/herders clashes and other forms of
criminality that cripple daily life and
interactions in the area; culminating to a state of
uncertainty, fear and apprehension and in most
cases lead to low morale occasioned by the fierce
gun battles and reprisal attacks between
government forces, agitators and unknown
clandestine groups. This precarious situation
significantly paralyzes socio-economic activities
in a region characterized by people of renowned
economic enterprise, and valued contributors, to
Nigeria's economic growth. This paper made use
of library research as a methodology to analyse
the state of insecurity in the southeast and how it
affects the socio-economic development of the
region. It analyses the prevailing volatile
environment as a strangulator of socio-economic
life and activities with untold adverse effects on
the productivity of the region and the nation as a
whole The paper recommends effective
reformation of the law enforcement agencies,
good governance that addresses concerns of
IPOB agitators and the zone; and other
strategies for southeast stability and sustainable
national economic advancement

Relative Importance Index in Ranking Performance Management Practices Towards Organizational Performance

Stella Kinemo — 2024-06-21

Deficiencies in the implementation of water
supply projects, inadequate water infrastructure
management, customer dissatisfaction with
water services, and persistent water production
shortages, are performance problems that
affect water service delivery. This paper aimed
to identify the performance management
practices affecting the performance of Mtwara
Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority by
using the Relative Importance Index (RII)
method. The method used for data collection
was a questionnaire. A sample of 64
respondents was drawn from the study
population using a simple random sampling
technique. Performance management practices
were ranked using the responses acquired from
respondents. The calculation of the Relative
Relevance Index (RII) showed the ranking level of
relevance. The finding showed that goal setting
was ranked first (RII = 0.85), performance
appraisal of employees was ranked second (RII =
0.83), measurement of performance ranked
third (RII = 0.82), and target alignment with
strategic objective (RII = 0.81). This study has an
important contribution to guide managers and
Human Resources professionals in designing and
implementing more performance management
strategies that align with organizational goals
for effective water service delivery

Governance and Insecurity in Nigeria: The Nexus (2015-2023)

Ogonna Ogbu — 2024-06-21

The study examines governance deficit and its effect on insecurity in Nigeria. from 2015 to 2023. The Nigerian state has experienced high rate of violent crimes and general insecurity which have surfaced in different dimensions and forms; from kidnapping, banditry, and terrorism to violent self- determination and separatist bids, killings in North, South, West and South Eastern NigeriaThe study adopted descriptive research design. Major findings revealed that deficit in governance has strong nexus with insecurity in Nigeria. Also, the paper revealed that ethnic jingoism championed by successive leaders has also increase the spate of insecurity and violent self-determinationin Nigeria.Recommendations were proffered based on the findings

Effect of Brain drain on Performance of Tertiary Health Care Institutions in Enugu State, Nigeria

Uche Agubata — 2024-06-21

The study was carried out to examine the effect
of Brain Drain on performance of Tertiary
Healthcare Institutions in Enugu State, Nigeria.
Survey research design was adopted. The
hypotheses were tested using z-test analysis.
The finding revealed that Brain drain has a
significant negative effect on patient-to-doctor
ratios in tertiary health care institutions in
Enugu State, that Brain drain does have a
significant negetive effect on treatment
outcomes in tertiary health care institutions in
Enugu State and that Brain drain has a
significant negative effect on Patient Wait Time
in tertiary health care institutions in Enugu
State. The study concluded the effect of brain
drain on service delivery in tertiary healthcare
institutions in Enugu State, Nigeria, is profound
and multifaceted. The departure of skilled
healthcare professionals has resulted in a
diminished workforce, leading to increased
patient wait times, reduced access to specialized
care, and challenges in delivering timely and
comprehensive medical services. The study
recommended among others that The
government should invest in increasing medical
school capacity, funding scholarships, and
implementing targeted recruitment initiatives to
address the shortage of healthcare
professionals, ensuring a more favorable
patient-to-doctor ratio in Enugu State, Nigeria.

Effect of Industrial Harmony and Community Development in Nigeria: A study of the Enugu State Local Government System (2017-2022)

Adaora Ude — 2024-06-21

The study evaluated the relationship between
industrial harmony and community development
in Enugu State Local Government System from
2017 to 2022. The study used both primary and
secondary source of data. Data were presented
and analyzed using Likert Scale and the
hypotheses using t - test. The findings revealed
that Workers’ participation in decision making
had significant positive relationship with social
support; t (95, n = 264), 10.722, P. < .05.
Collective bargaining had significant positive
relationship with community safety, t (95, n =
264), 15.334, P. < .05. The study concludes that
workers’ participation in decision making and
Collective bargaining had significant positive
relationship with the social support and
community safety of Enugu State Local
Government systems. The study recommended
among others that the management of Enugu
State Local Government system should
encourage workers’ participation in decision
making as providing opportunities for feedback
and input, and engagement, improve decisionmaking, and build a positive organizational
culture.

Exploring the Relationship between GDP Per Capita, Government Expenditure, and Poverty Reduction in Tanzania

Romanus Dimoso — 2024-06-21

The government of Tanzania has been actively
engaged in efforts to reduce poverty, yet the
challenge remains persistent. This study examined
the relationship between GDP per capita,
government expenditure (GCE), and poverty
reduction in the country. The main objective was
to analyze the trends and cointegration between
these variables in Tanzania. Utilizing a statistical
study design, this research employed time series
data covering the period from 1981 to 2017. The
findings revealed that while poverty has been
trending downwards, both GCE and GDP per
capita have shown upward trends. Moreover, the
analysis demonstrated a significant cointegration
between GDP per capita, GCE, and poverty
reduction, indicating that these variables are
interrelated in the long run. This implies that
government expenditure and economic growth are
crucial factors in the ongoing efforts to alleviate
poverty in Tanzania. Based on these insights, it is
recommended that the government increase
investment in education and health services to
further enhance GDP per capita growth.
Additionally, expanding infrastructure projects
can create employment opportunities, directly
impacting poverty reduction. Lastly, implementing
efficient fiscal policies that prioritize social
welfare spending will sustain and amplify the
positive trends in poverty alleviation

Enduring Economic Hardship: How Poverty Shapes Fertility in Tanzania

Romanus Dimoso — 2024-06-21

This study investigates the impact of poverty on
fertility among women in the Ubungo district of
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Utilizing a crosssectional design, the research focuses on women
of reproductive age (15-49 years). Data were
collected via questionnaires from 96 respondents
selected through stratified and simple random
sampling. The analysis encompassed both
descriptive statistics—mean, standard deviation,
frequencies, and percentages—and econometric
analysis using probit regression and Zero
Inflated Poisson (ZIP) models. The first objective
examined the determinants of poverty through
the probit model, revealing significant influences
from factors such as age, household size,
employment status, access to nutritious food, and
healthcare services. The second objective
assessed the effect of poverty on fertility using
the ZIP model, highlighting significant
correlations with age, education level, marital
status, employment status, and access to family
planning services. These findings underscore the
intricate relationship between poverty and
fertility, offering critical insights for policy
interventions aimed at improving the
socioeconomic conditions of women in Tanzania.

Perscoping Performance of Tertiary Health Care Institutions in South East Nigeria: Human Resource Planning and Development Question Nexus

Uloma Egwuagu — 2024-06-21

The study examined the Performance of Tertiary
health care institutions in South East Nigeria, the
place of human resource planning and
development. Date collected were analysed
using mean score. The z-normal distribution (ztest)

was applied in testing the hypotheses. The
findings revealed that Human resource planning
does not have a significant effect on medical
equipment utilisation in tertiary health care
institutions in South East, Nigeria and that
human resource planning has a significant effect
on human capacity building in tertiary health
care institutions in South East, Nigeria. The
study concluded that human resource planning
helps to ensure theavailability of qualified and
varied personnel by proactively managing their
workforce, optimising staff deployment, and
cultivating a culture of continuous learning and
professional development.The study
recommended among others that for continuous
medical equipment utilization, the management
of tertiary healthcare institutions should
enhance medical equipment utilization by
aligning human resource planning with
equipment maintenance, operation, and training
needs, ensuring the availability of skilled
personnel and resources to maximize equipment
functionality and improve patient care outcomes.

Interrogating Sustainable Development Goal 1 and poverty in South East Nigeria: Is there any Development to be Sustained?

Emeka Onah — 2024-06-21

This survey examined Sustainable Development
Goal (SDG) 1 and its effect on poverty
alleviation in the South East of Nigeria.
Specifically, the study examined (i) how SDG1
influences income generation in South East
Nigeria, (ii) determined the extent to which SDG
1 influenced social protection in South East
Nigeria, Two hypotheses guided the study.
Analysis of data collected was done using SPSS.
The study adopted descriptive research design.
The population of the study was 21,955,400.
Taro Yamane’s formula was used to determine
the sample size of 625. The data was analysed
through the use of descriptive and inferential
analysis, one sample t-test as used to test the
hypotheses. Findings of the study showed that
SDG1 had a positive significant influence on
income generation, social protection,
sustainable livelihood, access to education, and
establishment of micro enterprises in South East
Nigeria. The study recommended that for SDG1
to further make impact in the South East Nigeria,
governments of the five states that make up the
zone, should identify the marginalized
communities and prioritize the implementation
of SDG policies in those communities.

Do Institutional Pressures Affect Investment Decisions of Small-Scale Recycling Firms in Tanzania?

Silverio Nyaulingo — 2024-06-21

This paper investigated the effect of institutional
pressures on investment decisions of small-scale
recycling (SSR) firms in Tanzania. The paper
employed Institutional theory to study the effects
of coercive, normative, and mimetic pressures on
three dimensions of investment decisions namely
the choice of specific recycling investments, the
share of recycling investment in the portfolio,
and the level of diversification within the
recycling investment portfolio. The study was
based on 400 randomly selected SSR firms.
Multivariate probit analysis, ordinary least
squares, and ordered logistic regression models
were used on the three dimensions of investment
decision respectively. The study revealed
positive effects of coercive and mimetic
pressures and limited influence of normative
pressure in the choice of specific waste recycling
types. Coercive pressure had a strong positive
influence on the recycling investment share in
the portfolio. It was also found that mimetic,
normative, and coercive pressures have a strong
positive influence on the level of diversification
within the recycling investment portfolio. These
results hold relevance for policymakers and
professionals in the field who seek to promote
diverse and sustainable investment in recycling
within the waste management industry,
considering the complex interactions of
institutional dynamics.