Estimation of the Predictive Effect of Body Mass Index-Percentile on Skeletal Maturation in a Nigerian Population

Abstract

Aim: To determine the predicting effect of BMI-index percentile on the skeletal maturation of Nigerian children.

Materials and Methods:  A cross-sectional descriptive study. This study was conducted in a tertiary health care facility in North-Central Nigeria.  Participants were children between the ages of 5-17 years consisting of 44 males and 30 females who presented in the child dental clinic  over a period of eight months were recruited for the study. Skeletal maturation was assessed using the middle phalanx of the third finger  (MP3), while the standard WHO growth chart specific for age (2-20 years) and sex was used for grading BMI-percentile. The  unpaired t-test was used to compare mean chronological age of the various stages of MP3 according to sex. Multinomial logistic  regression was used to determine the predictive effect of age, sex, and BMI percentile on pubertal growth spurt.

Results: The BMI- percentile did not show a significant correlation with the pubertal growth spurt (r=0.089, p=0.448). Sex (p=0.004) and chronological age  had significant (p<0.001) predictive effect on the skeletal maturation, unlike the BMI-percentile. A onepercentile increase in the BMI- percentile decreases the likelihood of healthy children to be in the peak-pubertal by 1.504 when compared to obese children (p=0.305).  

Conclusion: This study showed that BMI-percentile is a weak predictor of skeletal maturation. However, obese children had a tendency  towards advanced skeletal maturation than healthy participants. It is therefore suggested that orthodontists should consider early  implementation of jaw modification treatments among obese children.