Pattern of Maxillofacial Trauma in the Nigerian Population

Abstract

Introduction: The pattern of trauma to the maxillofacial region differs in various parts of the world. Studies have shown that not only does it differ from  one continent to the other, it differs from one country to another within the same continent and from one zone to another within the same country.  These have been ascribed to the prevailing socioeconomic, cultural and environmental factors in the study area. It is important that patterns of  maxillofacial injuries should be continuously evaluated so that efforts should be put in place to reduce the incidence. The aim of the present study is  therefore to describe the patterns of maxillofacial injuries in the Nigerian literature.

Methods: The MEDLINE was used to conduct a computerized literature search using for publications on maxillofacial trauma in Nigeria. For this search,  the medical subject headings on "maxillofacial fractures" or "mandible fractures" or "middle-third fractures" or "facial fractures" or "zygoma fractures"  were combined with "Nigeria". Also, the publications cited in these articles to look for additional important articles but were not found on MEDLINE were searched for.

Results: Most of the studies were retrospective while the commonest geopolitical zone where studies were done was the South West region. The  commonest cause of maxillofacial injuries was road traffic accident while the commonest age group was the 21-30 years.

Conclusion: Road traffic accident is the commonest cause of maxillofacial injuries. It is therefore recommended that the appropriate authorities should  enforce seat belt and helmet laws. The government should provide street lights, good roads, pedestrian bridges and traffic lights to reduce  vehicular/vehicular and human/vehicular/human collisions.