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Growthand yield response of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea l.) to plant densities and phosphorus on an ultisol in southeastern Nigeria
Abstract
An experiment on the optimum planting density and Phosphorus requirement of a local Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar, 'Graffi' was carried out at the Crop Science Research Farm of the University of Calabar in the humid area of southeastern Nigeria, during the growing seasons of 2007 and 2008. Five Phosphorous rates 90, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg k O /ha) were applied to five plant densities of Groundnut (47619, 57128, 71428, 95238 and 142857 plants/ha) laid out in a RCB design in three replications. Parameters assessed were plant height, branches plant, dry biomass yield/ha, filled pods/plant and seed yield/ha. Results showed significant (P=0.05) effect of planting density on plant height, while phosphorus rates influenced the number of filled pods/plant and seed yield/ha. Tallest plants with mean height of 53.2 cm were in plots containing 142,853 plants/ha, while the highest mean number of 15.2 filled pods/plant and correspondingly highest mean seed yield of 1078.3 kg/ha were obtained by applying 40 kg P O /ha to 95,238 plants/ha. It was concluded that planting the crop at 95,238 plants/ha with application of 40kg P 0 /ha would enhance optimum productivity of groundnut in the humid areas of southeastern Nigeria.
Keywords: Groundnut density, humid areas, phosphorous ultisol, yield.
