Jobelyn® ameliorates anxiety response and oxido-inflammatory markers induced by tramadol use and discontinuation in rats

Abstract

Jobelyn® is a multi-functional natural dietary supplement made from Sorghum bicolour with very high anti-oxidant and anti- inflammatory capacities. The study investigated the role of Jobelyn® in the attenuation of oxido-inflammatory markers induced by  tramadol use, abuse and discontinuation over 17 days in rats. The experimental observational study was carried out using male adult  albino rats weighing between 100 and 170 g. The experimental design involved five groups. Rats were randomly divided into groups of  five, consisting of group 1 (normal control rats), and group 2 (rats treated with tramadol at 40 mg/kg/day) were administered for 10 days  and discontinued for seven days. Group 3 administered incremental doses of tramadol from 40 mg/kg/day to 100 mg/kg/day over 10  days and discontinued for seven days. A similar treatment protocol was administered for group 4 and group 5 but were treated with  Jobelyn® at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day at the discontinuation phases for seven days. Behavioral assessments (elevated plus maze model of  anxiety and open field model of locomotor activity) and biomarkers of oxido-inflammatory stress were assessed. Tramadol-treated  groups had significant anxiety responses and locomotory deficits in comparison to the control group. Tramadol-treated groups had significant elevations of nitrites and malondehyde and reduced enzymatic markers such as catalase, glutathione, reduced glutathione,  superoxide dismutase, G-s-transferase, glutamic acid decarboxylase and increased activity of acetylcholinesterase when compared to  control group. Administration of Jobelyn® attenuated the responses and ameliorated the oxido-inflammatory biomarkers similar to levels  in control group. Tramadol induces oxidoinflammatory stress markers in the prefrontal, striatum and hippocampus in rats. Anxiety  and locomotory behavioral actions on tramadol treatment were elevated despite discontinuation for seven days. Thus, Jobelyn®  at 200 mg/kg/day ameliorated oxido-inflammatory markers induced by tramadol and decreased anxiety responses in albino rats.