The value of PAP and AgNOR techniques in identification of bacterial infections and cytomorphological changes in sputum of Sudanese pango Smokers

Abstract

Background:Sputum cytology” is an example of exfoliative cytology, which is based on shedding of cells derived from the lining of an organ into a cavity from where they can be removed by non-invasive means. Aim:The study aimed to assess the value of PAP and AgNOR techniques in identification of bacterial infections and cytomorphological changes in sputum of Sudanese pango smokers.Methods:In this study 200 apparently healthy individuals volunteers were selected, of which 100 were pango smoker (cases) and 100 were  non-pango  users (control), Pap smear and AgNOR  was used for the staining of sputum smears. All quality control measures were adopted during specimen collection and processing and diagnosis. Statistical Package for Social sciences (SPSS) software version 16 was used for data entry and analysis.Results: Findings demonstrated that the inflammation, indicated by presence of inflammatory cells was detected in 36/88among case group , most of them was chronic type, while only 5/100 had inflammation among non-smokers with significant relation , the p < /em> value is (0.000).The presence of infectious agent was illustrated among pango smokers most of them was bacterial and Actinomyces with significant relation the p < /em> value was (0.01). The nuclear atypia was reported among 5 out of 88 of heavy smoker’s atypia. While no case of atypia was reported among non-smokers the p < /em> value is (0.217). Conclusions: Pango smoking is a major risk for occurrence of cellular changes that induce the prolifrative activity that increase the risk factor of lung cancer.