Main Article Content
Analyses de la dégradation du lac Kinkony pour la conservation du Complexe des Zones Humides Mahavavy - Kinkony, Région Boeny, Madagascar
Abstract
couplée à l’érosion constituent ainsi les principales menaces écologiques qui affectent le lac Kinkony. Si l’évaluation précise du degré d’impact de ces changements et leur éventuelle synergie sur la biologie de la faune menacée requièrent de plus amples recherches, des aménagements anti - érosifs sur les quatre bassins environnants les plus vulnérables et des restaurations de phragmitaies sont proposés pour la conservation de la biodiversité du lac Kinkony.
The Mahavavy - Kinkony wetland complex is an ecologically diverse and economically critical habitat assemblage. Despite recently receiving national protection, the ecological integrity of Lake Kinkony is threatened by the conversion of adjacent, unprotected lands into rice paddies. Conversion to aqua -
cultural lands eliminates reed beds which provide favoured habitat for numerous endemic and endangered avian, fish and reptilian species, including Amaurornis olivieri, Paretroplus dambabe, P. kieneri and Erymnochelys madagascariensis. This research identified the physio - chemical sources and extent of degradation and evaluated the associated impacts on endangered wildlife. Employing digital environmental data within a Geographic Information System, the historical extent of reed habitat (circa 1949) was compared to distribution identified through fieldwork in 2008, indicating an areal loss of 80 % . Results indicate the primary contributor to reed loss was increased turbidity associated with erosion. The continuing decrease in marsh habitat facilitated by an increase in erosion poses significant threats to already endangered wildlife. However, while the reduction in marsh area was shown to reduce habitat availability for Amaurornis olivieri, observations imply this species does not occupy all potential reed habitats and that territorial preferences and tolerance towards turbidity need to be understood to accurately determine the magnitude of threat. Despite the need for continued research, information representing agents of change and their associated ramifications on fauna is essential for developing regional conservation and natural resource management strategies. In particular, anti - erosion management of the most vulnerable water catchment areas and restoration activities within the most severely degraded marshes are prescribed.