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Approche expérimentale de l’utilisation de glyphosate dans le contrôle de Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtaceae), une espèce envahissante dans la réserve communautaire de la forêt d’Analalava-Foulpointe (Madagascar)
Abstract
Melaleuca quinquenervia, one of the most aggressive invasive species in Madagascar, gains more and more ground and colonizes wetland environments around the New Protected Area of the Analalava forest in Foulpointe. Concerns over its invasion increase and even if eradication seems already impossible, we must now find an effective solution to control its expansion towards the protected area. Only chemical control may be considered for this species, given its resilience to cutting and fire. This study aims at identifying the best protocol for the use of glyphosate in controlling the invasion of M. quinquenervia in the Analalava forest in Foulpointe. Five solutions of different concentrations of glyphosate, S1 (0 g/l), S2 (90 g/l), S3 (180 g/l), S4 (270 g/l), and S5 (360 g/l) were tested on 200 individuals, or 40 individuals for each solution. Glyphosate solutions were applied on the cut surface of the trunk of an individual using either a brush or a sprayer. The controls were done for four months by observing the status on treated individuals and the impacts of the treatment on non - target plants. Most individuals treated are dead, showing an 85 % rate mortality. Some non - target plants were affected (19 % of the surveyed ones), regardless of the concentration of active ingredient glyphosate and of the equipment used. From these experiments, the best protocol for the glyphosate use is a concentration of 90 g/l of the active ingredient applied to the cut surface of the trunk treaty using a brush.