Review: Microbiota and its relationship with inflammatory bowel diseases: An overview

Abstract

The human body’s microbiome is essential for immunity and fighting off illness. Many bacteria in the intestinal system are beneficial, playing roles in immunological control and intestinal homeostasis. Understanding the contributions of “good bacteria” to these processes is, therefore, crucial. Advanced research into the microbiota and microbiotas is providing an increasingly deep understanding of the composition of the human microbiota, relationship between the microbiota and genetic susceptibility to disease, and the role of microorganisms in immune-related diseases. This review article discusses the effect of microbiota on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to understand the role that their microbiota may play in efforts to treat both types of the disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Clinical studies demonstrate that specific probiotic strains such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis aid can inhibit pathogenic organisms (both bacterial and viral). Overall, this review article may assist to promote public health and the prevention of future illness since dysbiosis, which is defined as a loss of diversity in the microbiota makeup of an individual, can affect acquired immunity. This review of information also emphasizes need for further research on microbiota and its association with digestive and related diseases.