Lwati: A Journal of Contemporary Research

The land question in relation to inter-ethnic conflicts in Laikipia County 1850-2022

Bradley Barasa Namunyu — Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In light of modernism, institutional land reforms and new governance structures, land was still a factor in the manifestation of inter- ethnic conflicts in Kenya and beyond. There was need therefore to research why land triggered inter-ethnic conflicts in Laikipia County. The research question was how has the land question influenced inter-ethnic conflicts in Laikipia County 1850-2022? Instrumentalism and articulation of modes of production theories were used to give the theoretical framework of this research article. It adopted the historical research design and data was analyzed thematically to ensure validity and reliability. It established and concluded that ancestral land claims, colonialism, changes in land use and land tenure, geo-politics, ethnocentrism and government resettlement programme led to the rise of the land question which triggered inter- ethnic conflicts in Laikipia County 1850-2022. The research article recommended that; ancestral land claims and historical land injustices should be addressed.

The role played by logistics service providers to effective disaster relief operations in addressing pandemics in Tanzania

Yohana Arsen Rutaba — Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

State responses and management of public protests in Nigeria: A study of end SARS and end hunger protests in Lagos State

Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The right to peaceful protest is an internationally recognized right enjoyed by citizens of countries all over the world. Enshrined in Section 39 and 40 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended) it guarantee the rights of citizens to peacefully assemble and express their opinions. However when protest degenerates into violence and wanton destruction of lives and properties, the State's responses often become too repressive and rapacious exploiting the situation to silence dissent and opposition to the government This study examines state responses and management of public protests in Nigeria, with a specific focus on the #EndSARS and #EndHunger protests in Lagos State. The research investigates the motivations behind these movements, the dynamics of state- citizen interactions during the protests, and the strategies employed by the government and law enforcement agencies in handling the unrest. This research explores the underlying causes, government reactions, and societal impacts of these movements. The #EndSARS protests, which initially targeted police brutality, and the #EndHunger/ End Bad Governance protests, which emerged in response to widespread high cost of living, bad shape of the economy, rising cost of food prices and broader issues of bad governance prompted this research to analyze the effectiveness of state policies and strategies in addressing civil unrest.

Temperaments and mood colourations in Nollywood costume: Biyi bandele’s elesin oba, the kings’s horseman

Margaret G. Akpan — Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The task in this paper is to critically examine how temperaments and mood configuration in Nollywood film characters serve as cogent reflection of various shades of indeterminate actions, reactions and repercussions as core elements at the fabrics of life and existence in society. No doubt, actions in films reflect the essential human nature that should require in-depth critical study towards a better understanding of the mutable bearings that underlie human existence in society. Among the contemporary activities in the creative arts sector, filmmaking has continually functioned as vital instrument for cultural promotion, artifacts preservation and for the disclosure of human nature. Charles Cooley‟s theoretical conception of the Looking-Glass Self was adopted for this study. Also, the paper uses qualitative research method to evaluate the portrayal of the coloration of human temperaments and mood through costuming design in Bandele‟s projection of Elesin Oba, The King’s Horseman. Findings show that temperament and mood are different and that both can be creatively encoded in the character‟s body gears to accentuate the generic consciousness that set the tone of the film. The sanguine, the choleric, the melancholic and the phlegmatic are captured in the costumes as unseen but immutable forces that predetermine the characters‟ mold in the society. Mood is spontaneous and ephemeral; the recurring ones are coded to reflect the various swings needed to thicken the social context and the thematic focus of the film. The paper concludes that the deployment of costume in artwork serves an important purpose deep-seated appraisal that elevates the cultural identity in film enactments nation‟s economy.

Availability of safety measures in early child care in public and private pre-schools’ institution in Shomolu Local Government Area of Lagos State

Philip Nwabiankea, Okeoghene Idadi — Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the availability of safety measures in early child care in public and private pre-schools institutions in the Shomolu Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Having a safe environment protects children from harm, and helps promote their psychological well being while they are learning. The Comparative Research design was adopted for the study. The population of this study consists of all 233 public and private pre-schools in the Shomolu Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. The Simple Random Sampling Technique was used to select 18 public preschools from each of the 52 public schools and 60 private pre-schools selected from each of the 181 private preschools for the study. The instrument used in the study was a selfdesigned check list tagged "Availability of Safety Measures in Early Child Care Checklist (ASMSCC). The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts and percentage. Then the chi-square (X²) statistical tool was used to test the research hypothesis at 5% significant level. The findings show that public pre-schools do not have safety measures and security available like surveillance cameras within the premises and classrooms, gate pass and identification system, buddy systems, foot operated refuse containers, antibiotic ointment, professional resident nurse and emergency vehicles while private preschools have more safety measures. Based on the findings, it is recommended that government should provide these and other appropriate measures for the safety of pupils and staff while private school owners and or Board of Directors should add these measures to ensure the safety of pupils and staff.

Content analysis of environmental sensibilities of the Senior Secondary School (SSS 1-3) tourism textbook (substance tourism focus) used in Cross River State, Nigeria

Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Stakeholders in Environmental Education especially Cross River State and Nigeria at large have raised serious concern about the quality of the environment we live which is not very conducive for human well-being. The environment has been abused by man’s activities as he continually quests for a better standard of living. This study seeks to analyze the content and quality of environmental knowledge found in substance tourism focus, one of the textbooks used in teaching tourism in senior secondary school (SSS 1-3) in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study involves counting and analyzing the contents of environmental issues or information found in the 25 passages of the textbook considering the different environments (abiotic, biotic, neutral and social environment). The passages were shared among the three groups of SS1, SS2 and SS3. Chapter 1-8 for SS1, 9-16 for SS2 and 16-25 for SS3. Two research questions were used to guide the study. Observed data were analyzed using a simple percentage technique. The result obtained from the analysis of the text revealed that environmental issues were reflected in some passages but an undesirable proportion. It was concluded among others that the idea of portraying more of the social and abiotic environments at the detriment of the biotic and neutral environments does not expose students to the proper knowledge and awareness of environmental issues that can lead to a change of behaviour as well as the sustainability of our ecosystem.

Commentary on selected paintings of Agaku Saghevwua Amos

Saghevwua Amos Agaku , Rabo Samuila Ezra , Nkechinyere Jennifer Anyaoha — Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Documenting artists while they are alive has curtailed the distortion of biographies and artistic achievements. Over the years, it has been observed that many writers struggle to give vivid explanations about some artists who produced artworks, but were not known while alive. This narrative is gradually changing whereby exhibition catalogues today carry the artist's biography and a few explanations of the exhibits. This paper is a product of one of such exhibitions whereby some of the pieces of information were obtained from the exercise. Agaku Saghevwua Amos is a painter who has chosen to capture socio-cultural issues in his works. Examples of renowned artists worldwide are presented to give a background to painting activities. The works are purposively chosen to meet the intention of the paper using simple random sampling. The qualitative method is used to analyse the works by making commentary on issues related to the subjects.

Prevalence of obstetric hemorrhage in a five-year period in a tertiary hospital

Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

While it is true that there is no universal established definition for the concept of “obstetric hemorrhage” it is also true that its presentation as a complication constitutes a major public health challenge. This study was carried out from 2018 to 2022, at the “Mónica Pretelini Sáenz” Maternal Perinatal Hospital (HMPMPS). 27,381 patients were analysed, of which 4,402 presented obstetric hemorrhage: 62% were resolved by cesarean section. About the causes, most of the cases were due to “Tone” and 5% were consequence of coagulopathies. At the HMPMPS, 16% of the patients presented obstetric hemorrhage, which places us below the average in Latin America.

The past, present and prognosis of history for better national trajectories in Nigeria

Benjamin N. Nyewusira, Chituru Nyewusira, Eucharia U. Ugwumba — Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The importance of History, even in a growing scientific world, has been gaining attention in most developed and developing countries. Unfortunately, Nigeria appears not to be fully in the league of the nations that value History; either as a subject or a social phenomenon. This paper therefore is another careful attempt to reassert the indispensability of historical lessons of the Past and Present in conjunction with proper Prognosis for desirable trends in the development of Nigeria. The other aim for revisiting the study of History, based on the templates of the Past, Present and Future, is to reawaken the importance of the subject for national survival. The paper therefore examines the reasons why the study and uses of History in Nigeria have suffered some setbacks even in the face of its utilitarian values. Consequently, the paper significantly observes that, contrary to the perception that the digital era has overtaken the values of History; the validity of scientific and digital tools is quite complementary and extremely supportive for the advancement of historical studies. Accordingly, the paper emphasizes the need for historians, historiographers and history teachers to consider and align the pedagogy for History with digital tools, in order to easily facilitate and enhance the functional values of the subject. Finally, it submits that unless and until the government and the educational system fine-tune and give quality attention to the study and uses of History, the Nigerian society at large would not only continue to suffer serious knowledge gaps from the Past and Present, but would be mostly rudderless in the drive for discovering the pathway to a desirable future.

Traduction de texte agricole : Etude critique

Gold Iwala, Khadijah Ashiru-Abdulrahman — Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

La traduction est un outil indispensable pour le développement des nations. L‟importance de la traduction est vaste et multidimensionnelle. Ce travail concerne la traduction des textes de projet de développement agricole. C‟est le document sur le développement d‟agriculture en Afrique, un projet conçu par la France pour l‟Afrique. Il s‟agit d‟un travail qui se circonscrit dans les domaines de la traduction des textes spécialisé c‟est-à-dire un texte en agriculture, c‟est un texte pragmatique. Nous nous intéressons à la traduction de ce texte parce que nous voulons voir si le traducteur a bien traduit ce document. Le but de ce travail, c‟est de relever les points forts et les points faibles d‟une telle traduction. Nous donnons nos recommandations pour minimiser certaines lacunes qui peuvent exister dans cette traduction.

An assessment of the application of foreignization to contemporary postcolonial translation

Janet Nkechinyere Chiwetelu, Iroetugo Edith C. Ruth — Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the application of Venuti‟s (1995) foreignizing approach in the contemporary African postcolonial translations. The foreignization approach is an unconventional translation approach whose basic principles counter the need by equivalence theorists such as Catford (1965) and Nida (1982) to achieve basic target culture acceptable equivalent structures. As a progeny of the „cultural turn‟ ideology of 1990, Venuti‟s foreignizing approach has been mostly accepted by the postcolonial translation scholars, since it concretises the major wishes of this group of thinkers. However, there have been heavy criticisms on its impracticability in translation as well as acceptability. To achieve its intended objectives, this research analyses three selected case studies of postcolonial African literary translations published between 2008 and 2017 to identify conformity with the foreignizing strategies, particularly in instances of syntactical strangeness and distinctions. These translations were selected considering the popularity and international recognition of their source texts. They include: No home by Yaa Gyasi, L‟autre moitié du soleil and Autour de ton cou by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Through a focused examination of translation choices used in these three cases, this research proves that the foreignization approach is still relevant in postcolonial translations.

Beyond dyadic green supply chain management: Exploring focal organization and multi-tier green supply chain management - A literature survey

Yohana Arsen Rutaba — Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In reviewing the traditional green supply chain focus and the published literatures, in both developed mechanisms on environment protection and greening of processes in production emerged as the major issues for most of manufacturers, suppliers and customers, sustainability issues in supply chain is not captured in a bigger picture and it is a prevail problem since most of the focal companies concentrate on their immediate suppliers to gasp the issues of sustainability. There is a shift that needs to considered when dealing with sustainability and greening of supply chain, where the focus should be on multitier perspective versus the traditional single tier perspective in supply chain management, as it stand green multitier supplier management (GMSM) is gaining popularity. This study was created with the support of a literature review, which helped to consolidate the specifics and provide useful information. Published works included in this study are those which provide illustrations on the concept of multi-tier green supply chain as an extended and best approach compared to dyadic green supply chain. This paper is guided by complexity theory; Through heterogeneity or diversity in external aspects like consumers, suppliers, laws, and technology improvements, one can establish complexity within an organizational framework.The findings demonstrate that focal companies needs to capture a bigger picture of the green supply chain and consider the status of the whole supplier chain to ensure sustainability, and the drivers to make this a reality includes: Trust between a focus company and direct suppliers, Willingness to assist suppliers with human resources, willingness of a first-tier supplier in sharing information with the focus company on second-tier suppliers, just hinting on the few. Considering the forces in globalization and the call to greening supply chain, companies are recommended to practice in a form that consider all the tiers in supply chain far as green supply chain is concerned and that greening supply chain is a continuous process in supply chain and need reasonable improvements on the way. Governments in developing countries need to initiate process that captures continuous process improvement in public procurement to ensure the deliverables observe greening of supply chain.

Customer service management and organization performance: Moderating effect of strategic drift

Yohana Arsen Rutaba — Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research investigates the link between customer service management, strategic drift, and organizational performance in manufacturing and merchandising organizations in Dodoma and Dar es Salaam regions of Tanzania, aiming to examine how customer service practices and strategic adaptation influence organizational success, with a particular focus on the moderating role of strategic drift. The hypothesis development section establishes three key hypotheses: customer service positively influences organization performance; strategic drift has an influence on organization performance; and strategic drift moderates the relationship between customer service and organizational performance. Data was collected from 210 participants using a cross-sectional research design, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed for analysis. The results confirm the hypotheses, indicating a significant positive relationship between customer service management and organization performance, as well as a moderate influence of strategic drift on organization outcomes. The findings emphasize the importance of prioritizing customer service excellence and strategic alignment within organizations. Recommendations are provided for practitioners to enhance customer service practices, embrace strategic adaptability, and cultivate a customer-centric culture. Theoretical implications highlight the contribution of this study to the understanding of customer service management and strategic drift in organizational performance literature. Limitations are acknowledged, including sample size constraints and the cross-sectional design, suggesting avenues for future research such as longitudinal studies, comparative analyses, and investigations into moderating factors and mediating mechanisms. Overall, this research contributes to the existing knowledge base and offers valuable insights for both academia and industry practitioners.

Cumulative deployment length, perceived stress, marital satisfaction and the moderating role of social support among spouses of military personnel in the Dalet Cantonment, Kaduna, Nigeria

Hauwa Mary Aigboje, Ruth Harrison Olumeka, Jonathan Iornenge Ugese — Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The marital satisfaction of military spouses is a critical concern considering the unique family-related stressors they have to face. This phenomenon can be profoundly influenced by factors such as partner deployments, experienced stress, and the level of social support available to them. Despite extensive research on these, there is limited understanding of how they interact specifically within the context of Nigerian military families. Employing a cross-sectional design, the research used convenient sampling to select participants from Dalet Cantonment Kaduna. Three psychometrically sound scales were used to gather data in this study. The questionnaire sought demographic characteristics of the participants, as well as measuring their perceived social support using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, perceived stress using the Perceived Stress Scale and marital satisfaction with the Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS). Result obtained on regressing the marital satisfaction scores of participants on their husbands’ cumulative deployment length shows that cumulative deployment length is a significant predictor of marital satisfaction scores (β = .284, p <.001). Hypothesis two was tested by regressing the marital satisfaction scores of participants on their perceived stress and it showed that perceived stress is a significant predictor of marital satisfaction scores (β = -.332, p <.001). The analysis for hypothesis three revealed that social support will moderate the relationship between cumulative deployment length and marital satisfaction among wives of military complex roles of deployment length, perceived stress, and social support. The findings underscore the importance of social support in mitigating stress and maintaining marital satisfaction even during extended deployments. This research provides a basis for developing targeted support interventions and suggests directions for future studies to further explore these relationships.