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Bioassay guided isolation of active phytochemicals from hyphaenethebaica (L) mart fruit pulp methanol extract responsible for hypoglycaemic activity


Shehu BB
Zanna H
Tukur MA
Hamidu U
Gidado A

Abstract

Active phytochemical responsible for hypoglycaemicactivily from Hyphaenethebaica (L) Mart were separated using Bioassay guided fractionation. Methodology: Five hundred grams (500g) methanolic fruit extract of H. thebaicawas suspended in water, filtered and sequentially partitioned with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The n-butanol fraction was subjected to column chromatography, sub-fraction A, B, C, D, E, F and G were obtained. Further separation using preparative TLC of fraction C afforded sub-fraction C, C, and 1 2 C. Finally, C gaveRF value. Diabetes was induced to albino rats of both sexes by intra muscular 3 1 injection of 120mg/kg Alloxan monohydrate. The diabetic rats were grouped according to the number of fractions and sub-fractions with 3 rats each. Each fraction was tested for hypoglycaemic activity. The one with highest activity was used for next study and phytochemical constituents analysed. Results: The phytochemical screening of70% methanol extract of Hyphaenethebaicafruit pulp were reported to contain saponins, tannins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides with the exception of alkaloid, combined anthraquinone, free anthraquinone and soluble starch. The n-butanol portion showed hypoglycaemic activity (66.37±1.03% reduction) compared to other fractions at 400mg/kg. The n-butanol portion similarly contained phytochemicals found in crude extract except forsaponins which is absent. The column fraction C of the n-butanol portion has maximum reduction (45.33± 2.80%) of fasting blood glucose of diabetic rats at a lower dose of 200 mg/kg. Sub-fraction C has more hypoglycaemic activity of 1 60.50%while phytochemical evaluation showed the presence of flavonoids. Conclusion: Flavonoids may be responsible for the observed hypoglyceamic effect of H. thebaicsfruit pulp.


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eISSN: 2714-2426
print ISSN: 2006-4772