Segmental Assimilation and Advanced Tongue Root Harmony in igiHa: An Autosegmental Phonological Analysis

Abstract

This study investigates phonological processes of segmental assimilation in igiHa, focusing on processes like nasalization, vowel harmony  and homorganic nasal assimilation. The rationale stems from the need to document and analyse igiHa‘s phonological  structures, especially Advanced Tongue Root (ATR) harmony, which has been underexplored in lesser-known Bantu languages.  Autosegmental Phonology, a framework that separates phonological features across different tiers, serves as the theoretical foundation  for analysing how segmental features spread between adjacent phonemes. Methodologically, the study employs introspective data  collection supplemented by consultations with native speakers, following an elicitation approach to gather robust data on phonological acceptability. Findings reveal that igiHa uses feature spreading as a phonological mechanism, where assimilation occurs through ATR harmony, dividing vowels into [+ATR] and [-ATR] classes. Additionally, nasalization and homorganic nasal assimilation are significant in  igiHa, with nasal consonants influencing adjacent vowels and consonants adapting to match the place of articulation of subsequent  sounds. This study contributes to the field by elucidating the nuanced interplay of segmental features in igiHa, enhancing understanding  of ATR harmony and feature assimilation in Bantu phonology.