Role of Antibiotics on Surgical Site Infection in Cases of Open and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Comparative Observational Study

Abstract

Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) comes as third most common healthcare related infection which produces morbidity and deaths at large. Still many authors believe that it is better not to use prophylactic antibiotics in simple and uncomplicated cases. Laparoscope, now‑a‑days is a much used instrument for abdominal surgeries. Even after new aseptic techniques SSI remains to be a major problem.
Aims and Objectives: To study the effect of antibiotics on superficial SSI in the cases of open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Observation and Results: One hundred patients were enrolled for cholecystectomy. The patients were divided into two groups, A and B. Group A consisted of patients in whom laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done and group B in whom open cholecystectomy was done. The male female ratio was 1: 2.23. The mean age of patients in Group A was 46 years and in Group B was 44; Standard deviation (SD) for age was 14.8% and 13.8% in groups A and B respectively; t‑value was 0.654 and P value was 0.515 and they were not significant. The number of males and females was 16 and 26 respectively in Group A and 11 and 31 in Group B. The Chi square X² = 1.36 and P value was 0.248 and both were insignificant. The rate of superficial surgical site infection was 2.63% in both the groups.
Conclusion: Our study concludes that there is no difference in the outcome of patients in cases of open as well as laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There is no significant difference in the surgical site infection rate in cases of open as well as laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Keywords: Antibiotics, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, open cholecystectomy, surgical site infection