New Models for Eradicating Unsustainable Exploitation of Extractive Resources and Its Impact on the Host Communities in Nigeria

Abstract

This article investigates the environmental, economic, and community impacts of unsustainable resource exploitation on Nigerian host communities. The paper looked into developing techniques for addressing the hazards caused by unsustainable extractive resource exploitation, including regulatory gaps, governance challenges, existing laws, and policy possibilities. Based on a thorough literature review and desk research, the article identifies weak regulatory enforcement and compliance as major issues for host communities. The study also observes that, while legislative measures like as the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) 2021 and the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act (NMMA) 2007 provide a legal framework for controlling extractive industries, their implementation has usually been fraught with difficulties. The paper also mentions how the Nigerian government's environmental cleanup and restoration programs, community-based natural resource management, and oil companies' corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts have all contributed to alleviating some of the negative consequences. However, such initiatives typically fail due to incomplete integration and enforcement. To address the difficulties, we offered two policy options: a citizen-centric technology system and the localization/domestication of extractive methods.