Assessment of Hydrogen and Bio-Fuel as Sustainable Alternative Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines and their Legal Structure in Nigeria

Abstract

The growing interest in sustainable alternative fuels for internal combustion engines (ICEs) results from rising concerns over ecological pollution and the depletion of fossil fuel stocks. The study aimed to assess hydrogen and biofuel as sustainable alternative fuels for the internal combustion engine and its legal structure in Nigeria. The study cut across a thorough literature review to compile pertinent information on these alternative fuels' characteristics and manufacturing processes, such as Hydrogen and Acetylene as a sustainable alternative fuel for internal combustion engines, Natural gas as an alternative fuel, and Ethanol as a Fuel for Internal Combustion Engine; Biogas as a sustainable alternative for internal combustion engines. Furthermore, the study discusses the challenges and ways forward for hydrogen, Acetylene, natural gas, Ethanol, and biofuel to be employed as alternative fuels. Also, the study looked into the legal structure of hydrogen and biofuel as alternative fuels for internal combustion engines in Nigeria. The results from the study show that hydrogen and biofuel are suitable replacements for fossil fuels. However, the stakeholders in Nigeria need to develop a robust legal structure for its operations and utilisation in Nigeria. The study concluded by making sustainable suggestions for utilising multi-criteria decision analysis for the stakeholders to successfully develop the legal structure that will also ascertain the quality of alternative fuels produced from hydrogen and biofuel.